Impacts of preoperative anxiety and depression on pain and range of motion after arthroscopic frozen shoulder release: a cohort study.

Abstract

We aimed to evaluate the impact of preoperative anxiety and depression levels on baseline and postoperative pain in patients who underwent arthroscopic frozen shoulder release. The study included 59 patients with more than threemonths of idiopathic frozen shoulder. All patients had arthroscopic frozen shoulder release. Two patients were excluded from statistical analysis. Therefore, the statistical analysis was performed on the remaining 57 patients. The patients were divided into two groups according to HADS scores: group 1 which included 28 patients with a healthy psychological status (anxiety ≤ 7 and depression ≤ 7), and Group 2, which included 29 patients with psychological distress ( anxiety ≥ 8 or depression ≥ 8). The hallmark finding of this study is that patients complaining of frozen shoulder symptoms and having psychological distress (HADS ≥ 8) experienced higher pain scores preoperatively and at one-year follow-up after arthroscopic release. All patients showed significant improvement between the preoperative period and the oneyear follow-up regarding the abduction, forward flexion, external rotation at the side and the VAS pain score with a P value of 0.001. Arthroscopic frozen shoulder release significantly lowers the VAS pain score over the 12-month.