Impacts of pineapple peel powder on growth performance, innate immunity, disease resistance, and relative immune gene expression of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

Hien Van Doan,Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar,Ramasamy Harikrishnan,Trisadee Khamlor,Montri Punyatong,Wanaporn Tapingkae,Morteza Yousefi,Jorge Palma,Ehab El-Haroun

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2021.04.002

Abstract

An 8-week growth trial was conducted to examine the efficacy of pineapple peel powder (PAPP) on growth rate and immunity of Nile tilapia, O. niloticus. Three hundred Nile tilapia (20.91 ± 0.11 g) were fed five diets containing different levels of PAPP at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 g kg−1 PAPP, respectively. After four and eight weeks of the feeding trial, growth rates, and immune responses were tested. A challenge test using Streptococcus agalactiae and relative immune gene expression were performed after eight weeks of PAPP feeding. It was found that skin mucus and serum lysozyme, skin mucus and serum peroxidase, alternative complement, phagocytosis, and respiratory burst activities were significantly increased with the addition of PAPP. The maximum (P ≤ 0.05) innate immune values were noted in fish fed 10 g kg−1 PAPP. Similarly, the up-regulation of IL1, IL8, and LBP gene expressions were also detected in fish fed PAPP diets, with the maximum value was found in 10 g kg−1 PAPP fed fish. The relative percentage of survival (RPS) of Oreochromis niloticus after the challenge test were (56.00%, 72.00%, 60.00%, and 44.00%) for the 5, 10, 20 and 40 g kg−1 PAPP diets, respectively. Fish fed the 10 g kg−1 PAPP supplemented diet achieved the highest (P < 0.05) survival rate against S. agalactiae. Growth and feed efficiency were outstandingly (P < 0.05) enhanced in the PAPP groups. In conclusion, PAPP can be potentially used as a feed additive in Nile tilapia culture under Biofloc system.

Highlights

Aquaculture represents a major role in securing the increasing de mands for animal protein for human consumption [1,2]
The maximum rates of the skin mucus immune values were observed in the 10 g kg− 1 pineapple peel powder (PAPP) group (P≤0.05); whereas fish fed a diet without the inclusion of PAPP recorded the lowest levels of lysozyme and peroxidase activities
The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of pineapple peel powder on growth performance, immune response, disease resistance, and relative immune gene expression of Nile tilapia

Summary

Introduction

Aquaculture represents a major role in securing the increasing de mands for animal protein for human consumption [1,2]. The intensification and enlargement of fish farming have resulted in a negative effect on water quality, as well as an increased risk of pathogen infection and disease outbreak [5], leading to a reduction of the survival rate of farmed fish [6]. Excessive use of antibiotics and chemotherapeutics compounds have resulted in the development of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and accumulated antibiotic residues in farm water and fish tissues, that causes environmental intimidation and alters the microflora arrangement [7,8]. Searching for safe compounds to manage pathogen microbe infection in aquaculture is needed

Methods

Results

Conclusion