Impacts of physical late effects on presenteeism in childhood cancer survivors.

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Many childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) experience physical late effects related to their cancer types and treatment modalities. Physical late effects are an important factor in various occupational outcomes among CCSs. However, the relationship between physical late effects and presenteeism has remained unclear. This study aimed to estimate the impacts of physical late effects on presenteeism among employed CCSs. Childhood cancer survivors replied to a questionnaire regarding presenteeism, and their attending physicians assessed their physical late effects between September 2014 and December 2015. The Work Limitations Questionnaire was used to measure presenteeism. Propensity score analysis and a generalized linear model were used to adjust covariates related to physical late effects and / or presenteeism. Of the 125 questionnaires distributed, 114 were returned. The data from 61 employed CCSs were analyzed. After controlling for covariates by propensity score analysis and generalized linear model, there were no significant differences in presenteeism between employed CCSs with either no or single physical late effects. However, employed CCSs with multiple physical late effects reported higher scores in Output (Estimate = 9.3, P = 0.041), Physical Demands (Estimate = 12.2, P = 0.020), and Productivity Loss scores (Estimate = 2.4, P = 0.045) on the Work Limitations Questionnaire than employed CCSs with no physical late effects. Employed CCSs with multiple physical late effects were at an increased risk for presenteeism. Healthcare and social welfare systems should be established to provide vocational assistance for CCSs after being employed to alleviate presenteeism.