Impacts of Environmental Change on Fish Production in Egypt and Nigeria: Technical Characteristics and Practice

M L Adeleke,M Dickson,D Al-Kenawy,Ayal Desalegn,A M Nasr-Allah

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_153-1

Abstract

AbstractA survey approach was applied to examine the technical characteristics of fish farming practice in Egypt and Nigeria. Critical issues such as floods and other vices were considered in bringing out the inference and level of aquaculture in both countries. Multistage sampling technique was used to select the study area and the number of respondents. Both primary and secondary data were used in the analysis. Eighty fish farmers were randomly selected from each of the country, making a total of 160 respondents. The socioeconomic characteristics revealed that aquaculture is an antique venture in Africa with Egypt taking the lead, i.e., 99% of the respondents practice in large-scales production of more than 11 Fadden/acre per, and 100% males depend mainly on agricultural drainage water for their earthen ponds. Ninety-eight percent cultured tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) which was believed to have originated from the Nile River. In terms of financial performance and partial economic analysis, tilapia production commands more sales in Egypt, while catfish (Clarias) production is seen as a promising venture in Nigeria. The fish farmers have various perceptions and reactions toward environmental changes factors such as cost of labor/manpower and inputs, poor water quality, and fish extension services, and climate change impedes aquaculture development in the countries. To achieve the scale of aquaculture expansion as observed in Asian and other developed part of the world, efforts should be geared toward continental and regional integration in order to encourage aquaculture practices in Nigeria and other parts of Africa. More so, government intervention and incentives should be paramount in Egypt to reduce the excessive exploitation of the private input suppliers.

Highlights

Aquaculture is an organized process in which the cultivation of aquatic animals and plants in fresh, brackish, and marine water is made, to increase fish production above the level that would be produced naturally (FAO 2016)
The results revealed that none of the respondents in Egypt practice small-scale fish production; only 1% of them were operating their farms on medium scale, while 99% operate more than ten Fadden
Though the level of environmental changes awareness of the respondents in both countries varies, the fish farmers were aware of the environmental changes and its impacts on aquaculture

Summary

Introduction

Aquaculture is an organized process in which the cultivation of aquatic animals and plants in fresh, brackish, and marine water is made, to increase fish production above the level that would be produced naturally (FAO 2016). Fish is the most-traded food commodities worldwide; more than 3.1 billion people depend on it for their average per capita intake of animal protein which is about 20%. Aquaculture has increased the world per capita fish supply to 20 kg in 2014 (FAO 2016). Global fish forecast model predicts that the share percentage of capture fisheries is expected to fall by half in 2030 compared to the 60% global production in 2011 after growing only by 2.8 million. In terms of food fish production, the model predicts that aquaculture will contribute 62% of the global supply by 2030 (FAO 2016). The problem of feeding the more than 9 billion people in the world by 2050 in the context of climate change and uncertainty (World Bank 2013) will be rightly addressed if improved aquaculture management is adhered

Methods

Results

Conclusion