Abstract
AbstractBackgroundAlthough previous studies showed that neuropsychiatric symptoms are associated with cognitive decline, the results are controversial. We investigated the impacts of depression, apathy, and anxiety on cognitive function in older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD).MethodAltogether, 464 subjects aged 65‐85 years who had SCD were enrolled in this study. All participants were evaluated with the short version of Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS15), Starkstein’s Apathy Scale (AS), the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and 9 cognitive tasks assessed using the Mini‐Mental State Examination, Logical Memory and Visual Reproduction subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scale‐Revised, Verbal Fluency Test, Digit Span, Visual Memory Span and Digit‐Symbol subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale‐III, Stroop Test, and Trail Making Test. We performed a Pearson correlation analysis to examine the associations between depression, apathy, and anxiety, and a multiple linear regression analysis, adjusted for age, sex, educational level, and global cognitive state to determine the impacts of depression, apathy, and anxiety on cognitive function.ResultPearson correlation analysis revealed a low‐ to moderate‐grade relationship among depression, apathy, and anxiety, as shown by the correlation between GDS15 and AS (r = 0.49, p < 0.01), GDS15 and HADS (r = 0.36, p < 0.01), and AS and HADS (r = 0.18, p < 0.01). The multiple linear regression analysis, with each cognitive task score as dependent variable, indicated a significant association of the HADS with lower scores on Logical Memory I (beta = −0.18, p < 0.001) and II (beta = −0.14, p = 0.002), after adjusting for the subjects’ age, sex, educational level, and global cognitive state.ConclusionOur results suggest that anxiety may be associated with immediate and delayed memory functions in older adults with SCD.
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