Abstract
Increasing rice consumption demand in Indonesia has provided serious problems such as food insecurity. Being the major staple food, rice production is the main priority of medium and long term development planning in Indonesia. Local rice production is strongly affected by climate conditions, especially in South Kalimantan. Nowadays, the world must adjust to climate change. One of significant effects of changing climate on agriculture is related to productivity. Evapotranspiration is the major cause of loss of water needed, for agricultural requirements. The crop requires effective irrigation system with adequate water amount. The main objective of this research is to analyze the water requirements for the irrigation units in Barito Kuala, South Kalimantan concerning local rice cultivation under the climate change scenarios. Supposed rainfall during the 2050s and 2090s are obtained from four downscaled circulated models and one model for projected temperature under CMIP5 with RCPs 8.5 scenario. Penman-Monteith method was used to calculate the evapotranspiration value. Based on future effective rainfall water requirement is estimated. The result shows the impact of climate change on the water irrigation requirement of local paddy cultivation are 56% and 25 % higher than current condition in July and September October respectively.
Highlights
One of the main determinants of food demand in a country is population growth which is positively correlated with food demand (Arifin, et al, 2018)
The dry season in Indonesia occurs as an effect of the southeast winds pushing dry Australian continental air masses toward the archipelago, while the wet season occurs when the monsoon winds blow from a northwest direction. (Kirono, 2016)
This study examines the impact of climate change on the water requirement between the present (1981-2009) and future (2050 and 2090)
Summary
One of the main determinants of food demand in a country is population growth which is positively correlated with food demand (Arifin, et al, 2018). One of the main challenges for the Indonesian government is to increase food production to meet population growth. Java island is a national paddy barn that contributes 56.05% of paddy in Indonesia (BPS, 2019). Java island is the most densely populated with 1,163 population per km in 2017 more than 50% of inhabitants live in Java Island (BPS, 2018). 6% of inhabitants live in Kalimantan islands with 743,300 km area equal to 28% of the Indonesia land area (Syuaib, 2016). Land reclamation for agriculture around the Barito River in Kalimantan island has traditionally begun in 1935. In 1971 an irrigation network was be built to meet water requirements for 200,000 ha of agricultural land (Hadi, et al, 1999)
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