Abstract
Biomass burning (BB) is a major source of atmospheric particles over Indochina during the dry season. Moreover, Indochina has convoluted meteorological scales, and regional meteorological conditions dominate the transport patterns of pollutants. This study focused on the impacts of BB emission inventories and atmospheric reanalyses on simulated PM10 over Indochina in 2014 using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Meteorological fields to input to CMAQ were produced by using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulation with the United States National Centers for Environmental Prediction Final (NCEP FNL) Operational Global Analysis or European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts Interim Reanalysis (ERA-interim). The Fire INventory from NCAR (FINN) v1.5 or the Global Fire Emissions Database including small fires (GFED v4.1s) was selected for BB emissions for the air quality simulation. The simulation case with NCEP FNL and FINN v1.5 (FNL + FINN) performed best throughout 2014, including the season when BB activities were intensified. The normalized percentage difference for maximum daily mean PM10 concentrations at Chiang Mai for FNL + FINN and the two simulation cases applying GFED v4.1s for BB emissions (−53% to −27%) was much larger than that between the FNL + FINN and ERA + FINN cases (10%). BB emission inventories more strongly impacted PM10 simulation than atmospheric reanalyses in highly polluted areas by BB over Indochina in 2014.
Highlights
Indochina, the peninsular region that includes Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam, has a monsoonal climate with a dry and wet season; the prevailing wind direction and the pattern of precipitation changes seasonally
This study focused on the impacts of biomass burning (BB) emission inventories and atmospheric reanalyses on the simulation of PM10 over
This study focused on the impacts of BB emission inventories and atmospheric reanalyses on the simulation of PM10 over Indochina for the year 2014
Summary
The peninsular region that includes Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam, has a monsoonal climate with a dry and wet season; the prevailing wind direction and the pattern of precipitation changes seasonally. Particulate pollution degrades air quality over Indochina [1]. Thailand is surrounded by mountainous areas where BB frequently occurs in the dry season. Chiang Mai, the largest city in northern Thailand, has experienced severe air pollution caused by BB [3,4,5]. Measurements of aerosol properties on Dongsha Island in the northeastern South China Sea revealed that smoke originating from BB in Indochina rises and is trapped within the free troposphere (3–4 km above the earth’s surface) in some situations [5,6,7]
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