Abstract
Aquaculture wastewater is one of the most important alternative water resources in arid regions where scarcity of fresh water is common. Irrigation with this kind of water may affect soil microbial functional diversity and community structure as changes of soil environment would be significant. Here, we conducted a field sampling to investigate these effects using Biolog and metagenomic methods. The results demonstrated that irrigation with aquaculture wastewater could dramatically reduce soil microbial functional diversity. The values of diversity indices and sole carbon source utilization were all significantly decreased. Increased soil salinity, especially Cl concentration, appeared primarily associated with the decreases. Differently, higher bacterial community diversity was obtained in aquaculture wastewater irrigated soils. More abundant phyla Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes and fewer members of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Planctomycetes were found in this kind of soils. Changes in the concentration of soil Cl mainly accounted for the shifts of bacterial community composition. This research can improve our understanding of how aquaculture wastewater irrigation changes soil microbial process and as a result, be useful to manage soil and wastewater resources in arid regions.
Highlights
As the world needs about 60% more food to feed the 9 billion people in 20501, sustainable management and judicious use of land and water resources appears extremely vital[2]
Remarkable differences in microbial functional characteristics were detected in fresh (FWS) and aquaculture wastewater irrigated soils (AWS)
The carbohydrates (44.8%) and polymers (28.1%) were the dominant categories consumed by microbes in AWS, the consumption of each sole carbon source was unexceptionally significantly decreased compared in FWS (P < 0.05)
Summary
As the world needs about 60% more food to feed the 9 billion people in 20501, sustainable management and judicious use of land and water resources appears extremely vital[2]. To the best of our knowledge, up to now few studies assess the comprehensive effects on soil microbial functional characteristics and bacterial community composition due to long-term use of aquaculture wastewater irrigation. We conducted samplings in fresh and aquaculture wastewater irrigated grape fields in a typical arid region to investigate the differences of microbial functional diversity and bacterial community structures in two soils and analyze the relationships of microbial characteristics and the abiotic environment. We hope this research can contribute to generate the progress in the understanding of how aquaculture wastewater irrigation changes the structure and function of soil ecosystem by influencing soil microbial process and as a result, be useful to manage soil and wastewater resources in arid regions
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