Impacts of additional food on diffusion induced instabilities in a predator-prey system with mutually interfering predator

Abstract

In this paper, diffusion driven pattern forming instabilities in a predator-prey system with mutually interfering predators described by the Beddington-DeAngelis type functional response, are investigated in the presence of additional food for predators. Conditions for Hopf, Turing and wave instabilities are investigate around the coexisting equilibrium point analytically. Numerical simulation results are presented to show different types of spot, stripe and their mixture patterns. Different spatial domains in the parameter space are plotted. The existence and non-existence of positive, non-constant, steady states of the reaction-diffusion model are established. It is observed that spatio-temporal pattern of a predator prey system can change significantly depending upon the parameters related to additional food. We can conclude from our study, that the reasons of appearance of different spatio-temporal patterns in the real life ecological systems may be due to variation of additional food.