Abstract
RESUMO A investigação tem privilegiado o estudo dos impactos do trabalho por turnos na saúde dos trabalhadores considerando a perspectiva dos próprios. Em contraste, o presente estudo avaliou os impactos dessa modalidade horária na vida familiar e social dos trabalhadores, segundo a perspetiva dos cônjuges/companheiros(as). Compararam-se também os impactos de dois horários de trabalho diferentes (trabalho por turnos vs. horário normal) na vida familiar e social. Participaram no estudo 515 cônjuges de policiais portugueses. Verificou-se que o trabalho por turnos tem impacto de moderado a elevado em todas as áreas avaliadas da vida familiar e social, tendo os cônjuges de trabalhadores por turnos relatado maiores impactos na reorganização familiar e na vida social conjunta. Quanto aos dois horários, foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas em todas as áreas avaliadas, tendo os familiares de trabalhadores por turnos relatado maiores impactos do horário de trabalho do cônjuge do que os familiares de trabalhadores diurnos.
Highlights
Working hours have a structuring role in the temporal organization of individuals, organizations and societies
Based on the literature review and scarcity of studies that analyze family perspectives on the impact of shift work in the family and social spheres, this study’s main objectives were: i) to contribute to the validation of the scale developed by Smith and Folkard (1993), the Shiftworker partner questionnaire; ii) to characterize the interference of shift work in workers’ family and social lives based on the reports of the Portuguese police spouses/partners; iii) to analyze the relationship between the impact of shift work and personal and family variables; and iv) to compare the reports of shift workers’ spouses/partners with the reports of day workers’ spouses/partners
We present the results of the psychometric properties analysis of the scale used, the characterization of shift work interference in family and social life according to spouses/ partners of shift workers, and the comparison between the perspectives of spouses/partners of shift workers and spouses/ partners of day workers
Summary
Working hours have a structuring role in the temporal organization of individuals, organizations and societies. The quantity and quality of time available out of work are fundamental and must be considered for the adequate management of working time, given that society and families tend to be ruled by a temporal pattern (i.e., working during the day and resting in the evening/night), which may, in some cases, coincide with working hours (e.g., night work) In this context, the organization of working time creates important challenges to organizations from the point of view of human resource management, in general, and work-life balance, in particular. From the beginning of the 21st century, a new economy began to gain importance – the “24/7 economy”, which translates into an increase in the operational time of organizations until the 24 hours per day, 365 days per year (Costa, 2003) This new economy results from the interrelation of multiple factors, such as market competition, consumer demand for 24-hour services, and women's involvement in the labor market. This designation has been applied to characterize schedules that differ from contemporary standard working hours (typically defined as Monday to Friday, 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.), exemplified by shift work and night work
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