Abstract
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n4p429 There are several reasons that lead a person to start and stay in a sport. In this case, reasons have fundamental importance for athlete motivation, once the higher the motivation, the more constant the search for better performance and continuity in sport. This study investigated the impact of adhesion reasons to the practice on the motivation of master swimmers. Survey participants were 48 master swimming athletes over a year of competition. Data collection was conducted with the Diagnostic Instrument of Adhesion of Swimming Practice and Sport Motivation Scale. For data analysis, Shapiro-Wilk, Friedman, Wilcoxon, Spearman correlation and Uni/Multivariate Regression were conducted (p<0.05). Results showed that adhesion reasons throughout the season remained the same (Well-Being and Prevention); identification extrinsic motivation increased over the year (p<0.05). Social Recognition reason had significant impact (p<0.05) on the External Regulation extrinsic motivation over the season, whereas Challenge, Performance and Social Recognition had an effect (p<0.05) on the self-determined motivation during the sporting year. It was concluded that for master athletes, self-determination is influenced by pursuit of performance and social relationship from the middle to the end of the competitive year. In addition, external reasons are critical throughout the season, especially at the beginning of the competition year.
Highlights
Motivation has been considered a key factor for interest, autonomy and permanence of athletes in sports as well as for a successful career[1,2]
In moment 1 of the study, reasons for the start of the swimming practice and permanence of the early season were both evaluated in master swimming athletes
When analyzing the effect of the adhesion reasons in sports motivation throughout the season, it was found that the challenges imposed by swimming have significant impacts on self-determined motivation throughout the sporting year (Figures 1, 2 and 3)
Summary
Motivation has been considered a key factor for interest, autonomy and permanence of athletes in sports as well as for a successful career[1,2]. Research has pointed out that when athletes are motivated by different types of autonomous motivation, they have greater self-determination for sports, show different behavioral consequences such as better involvement, wellness, entertainment, performance and no dropout intentions[3,4,5,6]. In this context, studies have pointed to the importance of motivational climate in the group, technical behavior and satisfaction of basic psychological needs for continuity in the sport[7,8,9,10,11,12]. In the case of master athletes, motivation becomes even more important to continue practice, as these athletes, in addition to having competitive swimming as of utmost importance in their lives, play other roles, such as in their families and formal labor[14,15]
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