Abstract
To assess the effects of the habit of having evening dinner on the dietary macro- and micronutrient profile of chronic kidney failure patients on hemodialysis. Cross-sectional study carried out at a dialysis clinic at the city of Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais. The study comprised 90 patients undergoing hemodialysis. Personal, clinical, and dietary (three-day food record) data were collected. The habit of having dinner was considered as having a complete evening meal, and the lack of that habit was considered as not having it or replacing it by a fast meal. The amounts of nutrient intake were estimated in the specific software Dietwin®. The carbohydrate, thiamine, riboflavin, ascorbic acid, calcium, and selenium intake values showed no difference between the group having a complete evening meal and that not having it (p > 0.05). Both groups did not differ in the following: body mass index, and energy, protein, lipid, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, folic acid, cobalamin, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, and magnesium intake values (p < 0.05). Regarding nutrient adequacy, the complete evening meal group performed better than the other group, except for carbohydrates, lipids, pantothenic acid, ascorbic acid, potassium, calcium, and zinc (p < 0.05). None of the patients showed the adequate pyridoxine, folic acid, and selenium intake values. Few patients in both groups showed adequate energy, pantothenic acid, and zinc intake values. The habit of having a complete evening meal influenced positively the micro and macronutrient intakes in chronic kidney failure patients on hemodialysis.
Highlights
To assess the effects of the habit of having evening dinner on the dietary macro- and micronutrient profile of chronic kidney failure patients on hemodialysis
The reduction in the ingestion of foods that are usually part of the major Brazilian meals, along with the increase in the ingestion of French bread, indicate a tendency towards replacing evening dinner by rapid meals.[2]. Such transformations cause the appearance of new dietary patterns, and such dietary practices can affect the fulfillment of nutritional needs,[3] and generate several nutritional deficiencies
The habit of having evening dinner influences positively the macro- and micronutrient intake of chronic kidney failure (CKF) patients on HD, because those patients showed more adequate intake values of those nutrients according to specific recommendations for that population
Summary
To assess the effects of the habit of having evening dinner on the dietary macro- and micronutrient profile of chronic kidney failure patients on hemodialysis. Results: The carbohydrate, thiamine, riboflavin, ascorbic acid, calcium, and selenium intake values showed no difference between the group having a complete evening meal and that not having it (p > 0.05). Both groups did not differ in the following: body mass index, and energy, protein, lipid, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, folic acid, cobalamin, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, and magnesium intake values (p < 0.05). Protein-energy wasting (PEW) in not the only form of malnutrition of chronic kidney failure (CKF) patients on HD, and can be accompanied by the deficiency of some micronutrients, such as vitamin B complex, vitamin C, iron, and zinc.[8] During dialysis, in addition to the catabolic action, amino acids, peptides, and water soluble vitamins are lost to the dialysate. The most commonly deficient water soluble vitamins that often require supplementation[5] are pyridoxine, and ascorbic and folic acids.[9,10]
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