Impacto de la visión 3D sobre la carga mental y el rendimiento laparoscópico en individuos sin experiencia

Abstract

ObjectiveTo assess the effect of vision in three dimensions (3D) versus two dimensions (2D) on mental workload and laparoscopic performance during simulation-based training. Materials and methodsA prospective, randomized crossover study on inexperienced students in operative laparoscopy was conducted. Forty-six candidates executed five standardized exercises on a pelvitrainer with both vision systems (3D and 2D). Laparoscopy performance was assessed using the total time (in seconds) and the number of failed attempts. For workload assessment, the validated NASA-TLX questionnaire was administered. Results3D vision improves the performance reducing the time (3D=1006.08±315.94 vs. 2D=1309.17±300.28; P<.001) and the total number of failed attempts (3D=.84±1.26 vs. 2D=1.86±1.60; P<.001). For each exercise, 3D vision also shows better performance times: «transfer objects» (P=.001), «single knot» (P<.001), «clip and cut» (P<.05), and «needle guidance» (P<.001). Besides, according to the NASA-TLX results, less mental workload is experienced with the use of 3D (P<.001). However, 3D vision was associated with greater visual impairment (P<.01) and headaches (P<.05). ConclusionThe incorporation of 3D systems in laparoscopic training programs would facilitate the acquisition of laparoscopic skills, because they reduce mental workload and improve the performance on inexperienced surgeons. However, some undesirable effects such as visual discomfort or headache are identified initially.