Abstract
The study compares the influence of sexual coercion on mental health and attitude toward sexuality in 3 socio-cultural contexts. Convenience purposive sampling was used. Of a total of 7,586 invitations to participate in this research, 1,251 heterosexual college students from Bolivia, Chile, and Spain (a 17% response rate) responded to 3 online questionnaires: the 12-item General Health Questionnaire, the Scale of Sexuality and the Scale of Non-Consensual Sexual Experiences. c 2 and factorial ANOVA were used to analyze the results. A 24% of the students reported having experienced some form of sexual coercion (26% female and 20.1% male). Of these, more Bolivian (31%) youngsters than Chilean (24.1%) and Spanish (16%) youngsters reported having lived these experiences, which were associated with increased anxiety and depression and a more negative attitude towards sexuality. The impact on mental health and attitude toward sexuality seems to depend on the type of sexual coercion experienced, nationality, and sex. Socio-cultural factors may be related to its prevalence and health impact.
Highlights
The study compares the influence of sexual coercion on mental health and attitude toward sexuality in 3 socio-cultural contexts
Of a total of 7,586 invitations to participate in this research, 1,251 heterosexual college students from Bolivia, Chile, and Spain (a 17% response rate) responded to 3 online questionnaires: the 12-item General Health Questionnaire, the Scale of Sexuality and the Scale of Non-Consensual Sexual Experiences. c2 and factorial ANOVA were used to analyze the results
More Bolivian (31%) youngsters than Chilean (24.1%) and Spanish (16%) youngsters reported having lived these experiences, which were associated with increased anxiety and depression and a more negative attitude towards sexuality
Summary
Cuestionario de Experiencias Sexuales No Consensuadas (MNSES; Krahé, ScheinbergerOlwig & Bieneck, 2003). Debido a que no utilizamos un cuestionario adaptado para cada país, realizamos un análisis de consistencia interna de la escala, a través de alfa de Cronbach, obteniendo un buen nivel en la misma (Bolivia: 0,88; Chile: 0,89; España: 0,87). En la escala original las puntuaciones elevadas indicaban una peor autoestima, menor depresión sexual y menor preocupación. Para facilitar la comprensión de los resultados, hemos invertido las escalas de depresión y preocupación sexual, de modo que a mayor puntuación mayor depresión sexual y mayor preocupación por los aspectos sexuales. Al igual que en el cuestionario anterior, analizamos la consistencia interna de la escala en la muestra, obteniendo una consistencia aceptable en las tres dimensiones para cada país: Bolivia: AS: 0,78, DS: 0,79, PS: 0,78; Chile: AS: 0,88, DS: 0,84, PS: 0,83; y España: AS: 0,87, DS: 0,84, PS: 0,81. La solicitud de consentimiento y aprobación para realizar esta investigación la hicimos a los profesores responsables de las facultades de las universidades participantes
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