Abstract
This study is centered on the concept of visual based upon two central factors, aesthetics and the observers capacity of perception of the landscape. The landscape in southern Chile has been transformed over the past centuries, and particularly in recent decades. This transformation is a product of forestry, agriculture and cattle grazing activities; this study attempts to evaluate the landscape quality in a north-south transect of 587 km, along Chile's 5 South highway extending from Cabrero to Puerto Montt. Landscape Units (Unidades de Paisaje, UP) were established, quantified and evaluated by a mixed method with direct valuation of the representative subjectivity and subsequent indirect analysis, with analysis of components. A total of 1,702 Landscape Units (UP) were analyzed, concluding that the most frequent macro-units are: Visual Obstruction, Native Vegetation, Agriculture Cultivation, and Artificial Plantations. The general average was 11.57 VP (SD = 5.01), considered acceptable in the Fines scale. The macro-units of highest value were: Native Vegetation and Agriculture Cultivation, and those with lowest value were: Visual Obstruction and Artificial Plantations. Information was compiled about the frequency of the macro-units per sector and the evaluation of 42 sub-units of landscape value, 22 Landscape Units (UP) and four macro-units. This paper discusses the different valuations, the historical evolution of landscapes in southern Chile, and alternative propositions of mitigation in Landscape Units of low evaluation. This evaluation may be compared with future evaluations in order to quantify losses (or gains) of landscape, its destructive agents and mitigating measures.
Highlights
El paisaje es el conjunto de interrelaciones derivadas de la interacción entre geomorfología, clima, agua, vegetación, fauna y modificaciones antrópicas (MOPT 1993), constituyendo un recurso natural permanente pero rebajable por su uso inadecuado
This study is centered on the concept of “visual landscape”, based upon two central factors, aesthetics and the observers capacity of perception of the landscape
The landscape in southern Chile has been transformed over the past centuries, and in recent decades
Summary
5,0 Distinguido 3,0 Agradable 3,5 Agradable por su perceptibilidad son los elementos que más contribuyen al paisaje, especialmente las formaciones vegetales (cultivos, praderas, matorrales y bosques). En otros ecosistemas los animales son los elementos vivientes más importantes del paisaje; es el caso de la estepa patagónica con sus guanacos (Lama guanicoe (Müller, 1776) y ñandúes Pterocnemia pennata (d’Orbigny) o la sabana africana con su megafauna silvestre. Esto podría ser una limitante al uso de diapositivas (o fotografías) ya que limita el contexto, sin embargo experiencias anteriores dan cuenta de la validez de estos instrumentos sustitutivos del ideal cual es la evaluación in situ de los paisajes (véase a Dunn 1974, Daniel & Boster 1976, Jackson 1978, Savolainen & Kellomäki 1984).
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