Impacting Microbial Communities and Absorbing Pollutants by Canna Indica and Cyperus Alternifolius in a Full-Scale Constructed Wetland System.

Yinghai Wu,Chen Chen,Xiaohang Fang,Tao He,Jing Yang,Dongyang Wei,Rui Han,Renduo Zhang

doi:10.3390/ijerph16050802

Abstract

Wetland plants that cover the wetlands play an important role in reducing pollutants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two plant species on microbial communities and nitrogen-removal genes and to evaluate the contributions of absorbing pollutants by Canna indica (CI) and Cyperus alternifolius (CA) to the removal performance in both a vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland and a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland, which were part of a full-scale hybrid constructed wetland system. The microbial assemblages were determined using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that the presence of CI and CA positively affected microbial abundance and community in general and which was positive for the total bacteria and ammonia nitrogen removal in the CWs. The higher abundance of Nitrospirae appeared in the non-rhizosphere sediment (NRS) than that in the rhizosphere sediment (RS). More denitrification genes were found in NRS than in RS. The copy numbers of narG, nirS and nosZ genes for CA were higher than those for CI. Wetland plant species can significantly (P < 0.05) affect the distribution of microbial communities in RS. Plant selection is important to promote the development of microbial communities with a more active and diverse catabolic capability and the contribution of plant absorption to the overall removal rate of wetland system can be neglected.

Highlights

Constructed wetlands (CWs) have be reported as energy saving, reliable operation and convenient for maintenance in many studies [1,2]
The majority of archaeal sequences were affiliated with Crenarchaeota, which abundance reached the maximum in the non-rhizosphere sediment (NRS) of Cyperus alternifolius (CA) in vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland (VSFCW)
Results of the Unifrac-based PcoA showed that the samples distributed in different parts of the Results of the Unifrac-based PcoA showed that the samples distributed in different parts of the data space (Figure S2 in Supplementary Information), indicating significant differences in sediment community compositions among the sampling sites

Summary

Introduction

Constructed wetlands (CWs) have be reported as energy saving, reliable operation and convenient for maintenance in many studies [1,2]. The practical application of the system has been developed from single types to hybrid systems recently. A hybrid constructed wetland (HCW) is composed of two or more types of CWs to take the advantages of individual CWs and complement each other [1]. The root system of wetland plants can promote contaminant binding, more carbon sources and more active redox environment [3]. It directly or indirectly stimulates soil microbial activity

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Conclusion