Abstract
The impact resistance of functionally layered two-stage fibrous concrete (FLTSFC) prepared using the cement grout injection technique was examined in this study. The impact resistance of turtle shells served as the inspiration for the development of FLTSFC. Steel and polypropylene fibres are used in more significant quantities than usual in the outer layers of FLTSFC, resulting in significantly improved impact resistance. An experiment was carried out simultaneously to assess the efficacy of one-layered and two-layered concrete to assess the effectiveness of three-layered FLTSFC. When performing the drop-mass test ACI 544, a modified version of the impact test was suggested to reduce the scattered results. Instead of a solid cylindrical specimen with no notch, a line-notched specimen was used instead. This improvement allows for the pre-definition of a fracture route and the reduction of the scattering of results. The testing criteria used in the experiments were impact numbers associated to first crack and failure, mode of failure, and ductility index. The coefficient of variation of the ACI impact test was lowered due to the proposed change, indicating that the scattering of results was substantially reduced. This research contributes to the idea of developing enhanced, more impact-resistant fibre composites for use in possible protective structures in the future.
Highlights
New composite materials and processes are transforming the building industry at breakneck speed [1,2]
The results showed that two-stage fibrous concrete (TSFC) could absorb impact energy well, reducing breakability and delaying fracture formation and expansion
The findings revealed that the multi-layered functionally layered fibre concrete (FLFC) beams exhibited 36% more strength than a normal beam
Summary
New composite materials and processes are transforming the building industry at breakneck speed [1,2]. One novel approach is a bionic-inspired, functionally graded composites. Researchers have discovered these biomaterials’ unique hierarchical architectures with excellent impact strength. The use of biological materials, is a new trend in material technology. Biomimicry and increased impact resistance may be achieved by using composite concrete materials (e.g., the carapace of turtle). The turtle shell protects them from impact and allows them to move freely. The endocortic layer is thick and shielding, while the porous middle layer serves as absorber of impact. The third layer is dense and foreign; it shields. The endocortical layer resists piercing while the trabecular layer absorbs the given stress
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