Impact of Work and Recreational Physical Activity on Prediabetes Condition among U.S. Adults: NHANES 2015–2016

Lenin Pazmino,Arian Ramón Aladro-Gonzalvo,Wilmer Esparza,Edgar León

doi:10.3390/ijerph18041378

Abstract

More minutes of physical activity (PA) accumulated during a day are associated with a lower risk of diabetes mellitus type 2. However, it is less known if distinct dimensions of PA can produce a different protective effect in the prevention of prediabetes. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of work and recreational PA on prediabetes among U.S. adults during the period 2015–2016 using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Individuals (n = 4481) with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test values of 5.7% to 6.4% were included. A logistic regression multivariate-adjusted analysis was conducted to estimate the association between the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of prediabetes, with work and recreational PA. The prevalence of prediabetes among U.S. adults was lower in physically active individuals both at work (~24%) and recreational (~21%) physical activities compared to individuals who were not physically active (27 to 30%). Individuals lacking practice of recreational PA had a high risk of prediabetes (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.080 to 1.466). PA may be a protective factor for prediabetes conditions depending on gender, age, ethnic group, waist circumference, and thyroid disease.

Highlights

Having blood glucose levels above normal, but below diabetes threshold is considered as prediabetes [1]
We found a lower risk of prediabetes in work and recreational physical activity (PA) in individuals between 18 and 64 years (OR = 0.33, 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 0.279 to 0.398), white ethnic (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.519 to 0.836), women with normal waist circumference (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.553 to 0.976), and individuals without thyroid disease (OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.495 to 0.776) (Figure 1)
The prevalence of prediabetes among U.S adults was lower in physically active individuals both at work (~24%) and recreational (~21%) activities compared to individuals who were not physically active (27–30%) (Table 3)

Summary

Introduction

Having blood glucose levels above normal, but below diabetes threshold is considered as prediabetes [1]. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) has established a range of plasma glucose as an indicator of this condition (100–125 mg/dL) [2]. An additional diagnostic criterion of prediabetes includes glycosylated hemoglobin values (HbA1c) (5.7–6.4%) [2]. Whilst prediabetes is not considered a clinical illness, it can lead to a higher incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease [3,4]. The prevalence of prediabetes is growing worldwide, regardless of socioeconomic status. The values vary depending on geographic region and study population. 12.19% of prediabetics was reported in the Eastern Mediterranean Region [5]

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