Abstract
Survey of wild bird species was done in El-Wady El-Gadid Governorate during years 2014 and 2015. Evaluation of some environmentally safe bird damage-prevention methods were carried out in rice, sorghum and wheat fields. The survey results showed that 15 bird species Resident (Re) and Visitor (Vi) were recorded; Bubulcus ibis (Cattle egret) (Re), Vanellus spinosus (Spur winged lapwing) (Re), Spilopelia senegalensis (Laughing dove) (Re), Streptopelia decaocto (Eurasian collared dove) (Re), Motacilla alba (White wagtail) (Vi)and Passer domesticus (house sparrow) (Re), were found in El-Kharga, El- Dakhla and El-Farafra, Elanus caeruleus (Black-winged kite) (Re), Athene noctua (Little owl) (Re), Gallinula chloropus (Moorhen) (Vi), Ardeola ralloides (The squacco heron) (Vi), Merops persicus (Blue-cheeked bee-eater) (Vi), Egretta garzetta (Little egret) (Vi), Himantopus himantopus (Black-winged stilt) (Re) and Pycnonotus goiavier (yellow-vented bulbul) were found in El- Dakhla. While Coturnix ypsilophora (The brown quail) (Re) was found in El-Kharga. Results also revealed that damage in rice by thehouse sparrow was high in Gharb-El-Mawhob. While laughing dove caused high damage in sorghum crop, but it did not cause damage in wheat, in El-Dakhla. There was significant decrease in house sparrow damage to rice by using three methods of bird scaring methods, i.e. balloon, metallic-coloured stripes and aluminium reflective stripes at three different hights. The damage of laughing dove to sorghum crop was also significantly decreased by the use of these scaring devises at different heights compared with control. It could be concluded that the best bird environmentally scaring method was the aluminium reflective stripes, at
Highlights
In recent years, crop yields decreased in newly reclaimed lands due to various factors like poor farm maintenance and agriculture methods, which are neither economic nor environmentally sustainable
Aluminium reflective stripes caused significant decrease of damage at heights 75, 100 and 125 cm compared with control, while the best height to decrease of damage was at height 100 cm
Aluminium reflective stripes caused significant decrease of damage at height 175, 200 and 225 cm compared to control, while the best height to decrease of damage was at height 200 cm
Summary
Crop yields decreased in newly reclaimed lands due to various factors like poor farm maintenance and agriculture methods, which are neither economic nor environmentally sustainable. El-Said (2008) and Omar (2010) recorded that damage in sorghum and sunflower crop was caused by house sparrow attack. Wilson (1999) and Omar (2010) recorded that damage in wheat crop was caused by house sparrow. Bird species like house crow have caused more damage to wheat, while pigeons and duck cause damage to pearl millet and sunflower. The minimum damage was recorded for wheat crop, which was 17%, and crows caused most of the damage, which was recorded on the site in different district in China (Yang et al, 2013). Some methods as scarecrow and stripes used to be promising in preventing bird damage to field crops (Omar, 2010). 2- Damage assessment of birds to rice, wheat and sorghum crops. This study was carried out in different district of El-Wady El-Gadid Governorate
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