Impact of whey protein supplementation in a weight-loss intervention in rural dwelling adults: A feasibility study

Abstract

Weight loss in older adults enhances physical function, but may lead to sarcopenia and osteoporosis. Whey protein is a low cost rich source of essential amino acids, may improve physical function. We evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of consuming whey protein in the context of a weight-loss intervention in older adults with obesity. A 12-week pilot feasibility, non-randomized weight loss study of 28 older adults was conducted, consisting of individualized, weekly dietitian visits with twice weekly physical therapist-led group strengthening classes. Half consumed whey protein, three times weekly, following exercise. Preliminary efficacy measures of body composition, sit-to-stand, 6-min walk and grip strength and subjective measures of self-reported health and function were also evaluated. Of the 37 enrolled, 28 completed the study (50% in the protein group). Attendance rates for protein vs. non-protein groups were 89.9±11.1% vs. 95.6±3.4% (p=0.08). Protein consumption was high in those attending classes (90.3%) as was compliance at home (82.6%). Whey was pleasant (67.3±22.1, range 30-100, above average), had little aftertaste, and was neither salty or sticky. All were compliant (0.64±0.84, range 0-5, low=higher compliance). Both groups lost significant weight (protein vs. no protein,-3.45±2.86 vs.-5.79±3.08, p=0.47); Sit-to-stand, 6-min walk, and gait speed were no different, grip strength was improved in the protein compared to the non-protein group (-2.63kg vs. 4.29kg; p<0.001). Our results suggest that whey protein is a low-cost and readily available nutritional supplement that can be integrated into a weight loss intervention.