Abstract
Article Details: Received: 2019-04-08 | Accepted: 2019-06-03 | Available online: 2019-06-30 https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2019.22.02.52-57 The aim of the experiment was to find out the impact of different moisture regime on selected indicators of the growth and production process of Medicago sativa L. cv. Zuzana and Trifolium pratense L. cv. Poľana. The pot experiment was carried out at the Department of Grassland Ecosystems and Forage Crops, FAFR SUA in Nitra in 2015. There were evaluated two variants of irrigation: 1 st – irrigation once a week and 2 nd – irrigation twice a week with a single dose of 300 ml of water per pot. The results of the experiment showed a positive effect on the height of Medicago sativa L. and Trifolium pratense L. plants (p = 0.006 and p = 0.316), the number of stems (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002), dry phytomass production (p = 0.001 and p = 0.044) and the quantity of harvest residues of evaluated legume forages (p = 0.100 and p = 0.146) with a general more visible effect under irrigation twice a week. By comparison of both species, irrigation twice a week was more effective for Medicago sativa L. on plant height, number of stems and weight of above-ground phytomass, whereas for Trifolium pratense L. only on the weight of harvest residues compared to irrigation once a week. References ABBERTON, M. T. and MARSHALL, A. H. (2005) Progress in breeding perennial clovers for temperate agriculture: centenary review. In Journal of Agricultural Science. vol. 143, no. 2–3, pp. 117–135. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859605005101 BIRO, D., MICHALKOVA, J. and JURACEK, M. (2006) Changes in amino acid composition of Medicago sativa during the preservation process. Animal nutrition 2006: Proteins. Brno: MZLU, pp. 22–26 (in Slovak). BLAHA, L. et al. (2003) Plant and stress. Praha: VURV, p. 156 (in Czech). BRESTIC, M. and OLSOVSKA, K. (2001) Water stress of plants: causes, consequences, perspectives. Nitra: SPU (in Slovak). FARISSI, M. et al. (2014) Water deficit effect on yield and forage quality of Medicago sativa populations under field conditions in Marrakesh area. In Annals of West University of Timisoara, ser. Biology, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 1–8. GALIK, B. et al. (2011) Nutritional characteristics of feeds. Nitra: SPU (in Slovak). GEJGUS, J. et al. (1998) Impact of climatic factors on phenophases in Medicago sativa and Trifolium pratense in the East Slovak lowlands. In: Proceedings of scientific works 14. Michalovce: OVUA, pp. 179–185 (in Slovak). HOLUBEK, R. et al. (2007) Fodder crops production – management of the cultivation and use of forage. Nitra: SUA (in Slovak). KRIVOSUDSKA, E. and FILOVA, A. (2016) Physiological responses of genotypes soybean to simulated drought stress. In Acta fytotechn zootechn, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 157–162. https:// doi.org/10.15414/afz.2016.19.04.157-162 LICHNER S. et al. (1990) Instructions for exercises from forage crops production. Bratislava: Priroda (in Slovak). LICHNER, S. et al. (1983) Fodder crops production. Nitra: VSP (in Slovak). McKENNA, P. et al. (2018) The use of red clover (Trifolium pratense) in soil fertility-building: A Review. Field Crops Research. vol. 221, pp. 38–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2018.02.006 MIKA, V. et al. (1997) Fodders quality. Praha: Ustav zemědělských a potravinařských informaci (in Czech). PORVAZ, P. (2001) The production potential of the Medicago sativa L. in the different systems of founding. Doctoral thesis. Michalovce: OVUA (in Slovak). PROCHAZKA, S. (2003) Botany. Morphology a physiology of plants. Brno: Mendel University (in Czech). RADOVIC, J. et al. (2009) Alfalfa-most important perennial forage legume in animal husbandry. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, vol. 25, no. 5–6, pp. 465–475. Retrieved 2019-01-25 from http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1450-9156/2009/1450-91560906465R.pdf ŘIHA, P. (2009) Recommended varieties of alfalfa, white clover and perennial ryegrass. Picninařske listy, vol. 16, pp. 5–8 (in Czech). SAFARNEJAD, A. (2008) Morphological and biochemical response to osmotic stress in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Pak. J. Bot., vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 735–746. Retrieved 2019-02-12 from http://www.pakbs.org/pjbot/PDFs/40(2)/PJB40(2)735.pdf SKLADANKA, J. et al. (2014) Fodder crops production. Brno: Mendel University (in Czech). SLOVAK HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE (2015) Bulletin Meteorology and Climatology. Retrieved 2019-01-10 from http://www.shmu.sk/sk/?page=1613 (in Slovak). Stat Soft, Inc. (2005). STATISTICA Cz [Software system for data analysis], version 7.1. www.StatSoft.Cz
Highlights
The amount of available water and the temperature are determined for the maximum length of the growing season, and for the growing spectrum of crops and their final harvest
We can state the significant influence of irrigation (p = 0.006) on the plants height of Medicago sativa L. and insignificant influence of irrigation (p = 0.316) on Trifolium pratense L. height on the basis of the found values
At irrigation once a week, the plants were on average about 141 mm (Medicago sativa L.) and 46 mm (Trifolium pratense L.) lower compared with irrigation twice a week
Summary
The amount of available water and the temperature are determined for the maximum length of the growing season, and for the growing spectrum of crops and their final harvest. In growing areas with permanent or periodically occurring drought has water stress becomes an important external factor limiting the effective implementation of plant production. The water deficit itself greatly limits the physiological activity of the plants and with it the associated phytomass formation (Krivosudská and Filová, 2016). It is predominantly dependent on meteorological conditions, it is related to the tolerance and resistance properties of plants to drought (Brestič and Olšovská, 2001). Medicago sativa L. drought resistance is quite strong, though not typical signs of dry-loving plants and consumes twice as much water than cereals and about a one third more than Trifolium pratense L. The increased need for water mainly occurs in the period after 1st cut (Abberton and Marshall, 2005)
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