Impact of unusual monsoonal rainfall in structuring meiobenthic assemblages at Sundarban estuarine system, India

Abstract

The present study investigates the impact of monsoon on meiofaunal and free-living nematode communities of the Sundarban estuarine system (SES) both from taxonomic and functional point of view. In 2013, SES experienced an unusual rainfall event followed by cloud burst event at upper Himalayan regime. Average meiobenthic abundance declined considerably in the study area from early phase of monsoon (EM) (699 ± 1569.4 ind. 10 cm−2) to later one (LM) (437 ± 949.9 ind. 10 cm−2) probably due to high annual rainfall which completely flushed the estuary. Free-living marine nematodes were the dominant group among all other meiobenthic taxa in both phases of monsoon. Nematode community was made up of 49 genera in 22 families. Comesomatidae, Chromadoridae, Linhomoeidae and Xylidae were the richest and most abundant families. During both phases of monsoon, stations, which were represented by fine sediments and high amount of organic carbon, harbored higher meiofaunal densities and nematode diversity with a strong dominance of 1B and 2B trophic guilds of nematodes. Different feeding guilds of nematode would be able to reveal anthropogenic-induced stress, which could be useful in assessing ecological quality of estuarine ecosystems. The present study indicates that climate change mediated unusual monsoonal precipitation may notoriously affect the meiobenthic assemblages in tropical estuaries like SES. Thus, this study could be an important first stepping stone for monitoring the future environmental impact on meiobenthic community in the largest mangrove region of the world.