Abstract
This paper investigates the hot spot temperature of transformer thermal model due to unbalanced harmonic loads from the network. The finite element method has been used to solve the coupling multiphysic for heat transfer in solid and fluid. All material properties in the model were been took into consideration such as copper as the coil material, iron as the core material and transformer oil as the coolant material for the transformer. The transient study on the model has been set for 1minutes using 30 degree celcius as the ambient temperature reference. The simulation hot spot temperature result has been compared for rated load (without harmonic) versus the unbalanced load (with harmonic) which shown in 2D regime. It can be clearly seen the significant increment of the hotspot temperature of the transformer from the rated load to the unbalanced harmonic load. The result has successfully shows the detection of the prospect failure of the transformer due to the harmonic current load in a form of winding loss that contributes to the hotspot temperature of the transformer.
Highlights
As stated in international IEEE standard, harmonics are defined as currents or voltage with frequencies that are integer multiples of fundamental power frequency
This paper investigates the hot spot temperature of transformer thermal model due to unbalanced harmonic loads from the network
In order to significantly observe the effect of harmonic content towards the hotspot temperature on the transformer winding, the thermal transformer model was initially being simulated with rated load at 50Hz frequency system
Summary
As stated in international IEEE standard, harmonics are defined as currents or voltage with frequencies that are integer multiples of fundamental power frequency. The generated harmonics causes additional heating in transformer components induce the higher losses and degradation to transformer insulation which decreases the useful life of transformer and premature failure of transformer. The additional heating is one the root cause of eddy current induction and increasing in eddy current losses causes rise in temperature of transformer which results in premature failure of transformer. A lot of methods have been applied to calculate the maximum temperature rise in transformers [6], [7], and [8]. In recent years the use of embedded temperature sensors which directly measure the maximum temperature in windings insulation has been in trend. As the evolving of optical fiber technology, fiber temperature sensors have been developed and implemented in measuring
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