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Abstract
ABSTRACT Effect of starting Fe precursor (Fe2O3 and Fe3O4) on the multiferroic properties of BST (Ba0.96Sr0.04Ti0.91Fe0.09O3) ceramics has been investigated. Considerable changes in the ferroelectric and magnetic properties of these ceramics were observed. High crystallinity, tetragonal structure and phase purity of both the samples were confirmed using X-ray diffraction analysis. The field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed the uniform grain growth in both the samples with an average grain size of ≈0.40 μm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of Fe2+ only and both Fe2+ and Fe3+ in Fe2O3- and Fe3O4-doped samples. The Fe3O4-doped BST samples displayed higher Pr and Mr values (2.32 μC/cm2and 0.012 emu/g) as compared to Fe2O3-doped BST samples. The M-E coupling response (≈10.56%) too was observed to be more pronounced in Fe3O4-doped BST samples. Our research work suggests that Fe3O4 doping in BST is better suited for multiferroic applications due to the presence of multivalent Fe ions.
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