Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the impact of training of dispensers on the process of case management of ARI at community pharmacies in context to history taking and provision of advice working at community pharmacies in Islamabad, Pakistan. Method: A randomized, controlled, blinded intervention study was designed and implemented. Before the implementation of intervention, a baseline study was performed to assess the process of case management for ARI at community pharmacies. The study population included all community pharmacy outlets in Islamabad. After data collection, data was analyzed. The result of the study revealed that the overall process of disease management of ARI at community pharmacies in Pakistan is not satisfactory. Pharmacies of Islamabad which were visited in pre intervention phase (118) were divided into two geographical regions A (intervention) and B (control). From which thirty pharmacies were selected randomly from each region. The targeted group of the interventions was drug sellers. Keeping in view the results of the base line study an educational intervention was designed to improve the case management of ARI at community pharmacies in Pakistan. Results: No significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) was seen in the process of history taking and advice provision in case of ARI management at community pharmacies between pre and post control groups. On the other hand significant difference in the process of history taking and provision of advice for ARI was observed in the intervention group before and after training. Conclusion: The study has highlighted that improvements in the current dispensing practices at community pharmacies are possible through appropriate educational interventions. The dispensers have the potential to provide fast and low cost healthcare to the masses in the country where the presence of doctors and qualified pharmacist is low; to date they are an untapped and underutilized source in the country.
Highlights
Private pharmacies have become the first line contact in health care delivery system [1,2,3]
To evaluate the impact of training of dispensers on the process of case management of Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARI) at community pharmacies in context to history taking and provision of advice working at community pharmacies in Islamabad, Pakistan
The result of the study revealed that the overall process of disease management of ARI at community pharmacies in Pakistan is not satisfactory
Summary
Private pharmacies have become the first line contact in health care delivery system [1,2,3]. Dispensing is a critical part of the drug use process. The way drugs are dispensed and the type of information given during dispensing highly influences the compliance of patients with the therapy. Customer demand, physician practice, regulations, and economic incentives are the common factors affecting the pharmacy practice [1,2]. Implementation of regulations is an important factor influencing pharmacy practice in developing countries though effective enforcement mechanisms are still weak [3,4,5]. Behaviour and practices of dispensers working at community pharmacies is a difficult and slow process but the likelihood of achieving improvements exists [6]. Improving dispensing practices in community pharmacies is possible by using a mix of focused interventions. Increase in knowledge, increased ability to help their families and earning better profits were few of the reasons for participation in interventions [10]
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