Impact of tobacco on periodontium

Abstract

Tobacco is the major risk for causing oral lesion or disease as well as systemic disease. Tobacco smoking and chewing is a significant contributing factor of periodontal health. The bacteria that are involved in periodontitis accumulate in the subgingival plaque that comprises predominantly of Gram negative strict anaerobes. This clinical study was designed to evaluate the clinical, microbiological changes in Tobacco user and compared these to the Non Tobacco user. 400 subjects were enrolled with an age distribution from 20-55 years complain with periodontitis, Subject were classified in four group Tobacco chewers, Tobacco smokers, Both chewers and smokers and non tobacco user. To identify the growth of anaerobic bacteria using anaerobic culture method in periodontitis patient. To analyse prevalence of periodontal disease among tobacco user a descriptive method involving the colony forming units per millilitre (CFU/ml) and mean of the total flora percentage. The study shows a high percentage of anaerobic bacteria in tobacco smokers compare with tobacco chewers and non tobacco user. On the basis of CFU/ml and mean% of the total flora. Tobacco smokers show high percentage of anaerobic bacteria compare to other subject.