Impact of thermal conductivity on the thermophysical properties and rheological behavior of nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid

Abstract

A mathematical model is realistic to assess a comparative study of nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid flow between two eccentric pipes. Study of nanofluid has been developed recurrently over the earlier era. By taking the nanofluid study in higher level, the researchers tried to use hybrid nanofluid, which was modeled by placing different nanoparticles either in composite or mixture form. The method of using hybrid nanofluid is to get more thermal conductivity of base fluid. For this phenomena, we consider Ni and $$\gamma Al_2O_3$$ as nanoparticles and $$C_2H_6O_2$$ as a base fluid. The inner pipe is rigged and rotating with velocity (V), whereas the external pipe is sinusoidal (wave moving down to its boundaries) like the contracting and relaxation phenomena. Low Reynolds number and long wavelength approximation are used for analytic solution. The resulting nonlinear PDEs are converted into ODEs by using perturbation technique. After this, we compare graphically the behavior of friction forces on inner and outer pipes, pressure gradient, pressure rise, velocity and temperature profiles for multi-values of solid volume fractions.