Abstract
In Poland, existing barrages are characterized by relatively high flow and low head, which is challenging for the effective utilization of theoretical watercourse power. The paper presents the impact of the minimum head of the hydro sets on the annual electricity production of small hydropower plants at low-head locations for two types of water turbines: Archimedes and Kaplan turbines. A developed mathematical model was used to simulate energy yield from Archimedes and Kaplan turbines for a given value of the minimum technical head, depending on the number of installed hydro sets. For economic analysis purposes, the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and net present value (NPV) indicators were calculated. The conducted research allowed for comparing Archimedes and Kaplan’s turbine operating conditions and how the minimum head parameter influences their electricity production and utilization time. As concluded in the results, the influence of minimum head in energy production is more distinct for the Archimedes screw technology than for the Kaplan turbine. The research shows that the decrease in energy production associated with the hydro unit’s minimum head parameter is from 0% to 30% for Kaplan, and it is 6% to 52% for Archimedes turbines.
Highlights
The Polish power system’s generation sector is 70% based on coal-fired power plants [1]
The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the minimum head of the considered hydro sets on the annual electricity production of small hydropower plants at low-head locations
The main topic of the work is to investigate the influence of the minimum head parameter on the operations of low-head hydropower plants
Summary
The Polish power system’s generation sector is 70% based on coal-fired power plants [1]. The production of 1 kWh of electricity corresponds to the emission of approximately 0.77 kg of carbon dioxide. Increasing environmental restrictions necessitate a transformation of the power sector structure in Poland to increase the share of renewable energy sources in the electricity production process [2]. According to data presented by the Polish transmission system operator (TSO), 5% of the installed capacity in the system are industrial hydropower plants. 16% are wind farms and other renewable technologies, including dynamically developing photovoltaics. There is a massive increase in units operating on gas fuel [3]
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