Impact of the Level of Adherence to Mediterranean Diet on the Parameters of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Dimitra Rafailia Bakaloudi,Evangelia Kotzakioulafi,Michail Chourdakis,Xenophon Theodoridis,Lydia Chrysoula

doi:10.3390/nu13051514

Dimitra Rafailia Bakaloudi, Evangelia Kotzakioulafi + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051514

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Journal: Nutrients	Publication Date: Apr 30, 2021
Citations: 39	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Abstract

High adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) has been associated with a lower prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). The present study aimed to investigate the impact of MD adherence on parameters of MetS. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Central Registry of Clinical Trials (CENTRAL), Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. Observational studies that recorded adherence to MD and components/measures of the MetS, such as waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglycerides (TG), were included in this study. A total of 58 studies were included in our study. WC and TG were significantly lower in the high adherence MD group (SMD: −0.20, (95%CI: −0.40, −0.01), SMD: −0.27 (95%CI: −0.27, −0.11), respectively), while HDL cholesterol was significantly higher in the same group (SMD: −0.28 (95%CI: 0.07, 0.50). There was no difference in FBG and SBP among the two groups (SMD: −0.21 (95%CI: −0.54, 0.12) & SMD: −0.15 (95%CI: −0.38, 0.07), respectively). MD may have a positive impact on all parameters of MetS. However, further research is needed in this field.

Highlights

The prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) has been closely related to socioeconomic factors, as well as lifestyle changes deriving from the impact of westernization on diet and health behavior [1]
Authors of studies in which data were not adequate for our systematic review or/and meta-analysis were contacted by email requesting supplemental data without any response received
There is sufficient evidence suggesting that long-term consumption of Mediterranean diet (MD) can protect from obesity and improve cardiometabolic risk markers, including the markers used for the diagnosis of MetS

Summary

Introduction

Received: 30 March 2021Accepted: 28 April 2021Published: 30 April 2021Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), also known as the syndrome X, belongs to the group of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) [1]. The prevalence of MetS has been closely related to socioeconomic factors, as well as lifestyle changes deriving from the impact of westernization on diet and health behavior [1]. Thereby, this transition has led to an increase in morbidity and mortality rates, forcing health systems to introduce more effective strategies so as to prevent the expansion of this epidemic [2]. According to the National

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