Abstract
Background and Aims To investigate the impact of glycemic control and T2D duration on vitamin D status and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among Saudi patients. Methods This case-control study was conducted in King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Saudi Arabia. A total of 25 nondiabetic controls and 92 patients with confirmed T2D, aged 20–60 years, were included. Patients with T2D were divided into the following groups based on disease duration (newly diagnosed: ≈6 months and long duration: ≥5 years) and glycemic control based on their glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) level with a threshold of ≤0.053 mol/mol: newly diagnosed controlled (NC, n = 25), newly diagnosed uncontrolled (NU, n = 25), newly diagnosed uncontrolled (NU, n = 25), newly diagnosed uncontrolled (NU, n = 25), newly diagnosed uncontrolled (NU, Results Our study showed that T2D duration was an independent predictor of vitamin D deficiency. The longer disease duration, the lower odds of being vitamin D deficient (odds ratio (OR) = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.01–0.29, p < 0.05). No significant association was observed between vitamin D and HbA1C levels. In the NU group, CVD risk scores were directly correlated with serum 25(OH)D (r = 0.53, p < 0.05). No significant association was observed between vitamin D and HbA1C levels. In the NU group, CVD risk scores were directly correlated with serum 25(OH)D (r = 0.53, p < 0.05). No significant association was observed between vitamin D and HbA1C levels. In the NU group, CVD risk scores were directly correlated with serum 25(OH)D (Conclusion Duration of diabetes rather than glycemic control is associated with vitamin D deficiency. Glycemic uncontrol may augment vitamin D deficiency-associated CVD risk in both newly diagnosed and old patients with type 2 diabetes.
Highlights
Since 1921, the role of vitamin D in calcium homeostasis and bone health has been identified [1]
Patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, patients with history of endocrine disorders, patients with neurological disease, patients with renal disease and diabetic nephropathy, pregnant and lactating women, patients taking vitamin D supplementation within the last 6 months or any drugs affecting calcium and vitamin D metabolism like steroid medications, and patients taking antiepileptic medications and weight reduction drugs, which might affect the absorption of vitamin D, were excluded
Regarding long duration controlled (LC) and long duration uncontrolled (LU) groups (Tables 3 and 4), family history of hypertension and cardiovascular disease were more frequent in comparison to the control group, and the proportion of those who are exposed to the sun were more and usually at noon and afternoon periods
Summary
Since 1921, the role of vitamin D in calcium homeostasis and bone health has been identified [1]. In Saudi Arabia, approximately 81% of the different population groups has vitamin D deficiency, and this condition is more prevalent in women compared to men [5]. To investigate the impact of glycemic control and T2D duration on vitamin D status and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among Saudi patients. Blood levels of fasting blood glucose, HbA1C, lipid profile, and serum 25hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) were assessed and used to define the CVD risk score. Duration of diabetes rather than glycemic control is associated with vitamin D deficiency. Glycemic uncontrol may augment vitamin D deficiency-associated CVD risk in both newly diagnosed and old patients with type 2 diabetes
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
