Abstract
Given the uncertain outlook caused by COVID-19, it is important to carry out a review of the conditions in which the collective enterprises are influenced by the four helix model, specifically those dedicated to the sector most affected by the pandemic, tourism, for which raises the question: What have been the results of the four helix model in the social tourism entrepreneurships (STE) of Jalisco and Nayarit? In addition to: the participation of the actors of the four helix model has contributed to face the repercussions of COVID-19? The objective is to identify stakeholder input from the core elements of the four helix model and sustainability to the STEs during COVID-19. The methodology used was qualitative and involved the comparison of information from 12 key stakeholders from the government, social, academic and private sectors through Atlas.ti-8. Some results indicate that from the perception of the participants interviewed, the COVID-19 crisis has promoted innovation, support, and incentives among the four helixes, in which the STEs have benefited. As conclusions, the four helix model is functional to face the adversities of COVID-19 as long as there is planning within the entrepreneurships and the link with said model helix participants.
Highlights
The results of the information gathering were organized in levels that allow understanding the overview of entrepreneurship in the studied territory, starting from the relationship that each one of the participants or helixes establishes with the tourism social enterprises, and in a second level the way in which these development actors contribute to the connecting aspects of the four helixes model and on sustainability factors, as well as their repercussions on the COVID-19 theme (Figure 5)
The social tourism entrepreneurships (STE) studied have been generated due to the onslaught of the prevailing global economic model that has led to increased poverty in rural areas, and this has led to tourism becoming a palliative to try to improve the living conditions of the local communities in which these enterprises are located
These STEs have managed to preserve their cultural identity and recover the flora and fauna in their territory, an aspect that implies many benefits for the quality of life of the communities and, at the same time, is aligned with the objectives of sustainable development contributing to the practice of this four helix model, which is implicit in the sustainability
Summary
Humanity is currently going through one of the most disruptive situations from a social and environmental point of view since 2008, since the COVID-19 pandemic is an event that has changed every aspect of everyday life, and this is forcing the modification of practices and standards, as well as the interaction of organizations with their consumers, affecting the way products and services are acquired, and how supply chains are provided [1] These changes do affect society, since their repercussions are manifested in various actors or institutions that participate in the development processes of the territories, such as companies, governments and universities, where entrepreneurs participate significantly, since the crisis leaves new opportunities for entrepreneurship to become involved in a sustainable way in terms of resources and waste [2] in meeting these new emerging needs and in the post-COVID-19 recovery processes, which involve some of the benefits already found in entrepreneurial initiatives [3] such as the promotion of innovation, growth and economic well-being [1,4,5,6,7]. Sánchez [29] indicates that, that, in addition to knowledge transfer, the propellers the model are linked through in addition to knowledge transfer, the propellers of theofmodel are linked through allialliances, support investment, as well as taxes incentives, which are some the ances, support andand investment, as well as taxes and and incentives, which are some of theofcore core elements ofstudy, this study, as shown in Figure elements of this as shown in Figure Source: [29].
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