Impact of temporomandibular disorder on oral health-related quality of life in adolescents

Gabrielle Amaral‐Freitas ,Renata De Castro Martins,Ana Luiza Peres Baldiotti,Saul Martins Paiva,Rafaela Scariot,Maria Luísa Leandro De Souza Dias ,Maria Luíza Araújo Almeida ,Mariane Carolina Faria Barbosa ,Fernanda Morais Ferreira

doi:10.33448/rsd-v10i14.21981

Abstract

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the impact of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of adolescents. The OHRQoL of adolescents undergoing dental treatment at a University clinic in 2019 was measured using the Brazilian version of the Oral Heath Impact Profile – 14 (OHIP-14). The diagnosis of TMD was performed using Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular disorders (RDC/TMD). The patients were examined for other oral conditions and the parents/guardians answered questions addressing socioeconomic/demographic characteristics and the general health of the adolescents. Statistical analysis involves simple and multiple logistic regression models. Ninety male and female adolescents between 13 and 18 years of age participated in the study. The prevalence of negative impact on OHRQoL was 34%. In the unadjusted analysis, negative impact on OHRQoL was associated with a poorer self- perception of general and oral health of the adolescent, nonspecific symptoms including pain, and generalized anxiety disorder, caries, reports of dental pain, muscle disorders and disc displacement, and chronic pain related to TMD. In the adjusted model, negative impact on OHRQoL was associated with all diagnoses related to TMD on the RDC/TMD, except signs of depression. Adolescents with at least one diagnosis related to TMD were 4.13-fold more likely (95% CI:1.08-15.80) to have negative impact on OHRQoL than adolescents without a diagnosis of TMD. The different diagnostic categories of TMD had a negative impact on the OHRQoL of the adolescents analyzed in the present study.

Highlights

Oral health is defined as physical, psychological, and social wellbeing related to the status of the oral cavity and is characterized by the absence of pain, discomfort, and abnormalities of the mouth and face(Locker, 2001; Glick et al, 2016)
The literature reports that dental caries, toothache, halitosis, dentoalveolar trauma, and malocclusion exert a negative impact on the Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of adolescents (Peres et al, 2009; Colussi et al, 2017; Keles et al, 2018; Thomson & Broder, 2018)
2.3 Variables of interest The parents/guardians answered a questionnaire addressing socioeconomic and demographic characteristics related to the adolescent and guardian as well as clinical information related to the adolescent

Summary

Introduction

Oral health is defined as physical, psychological, and social wellbeing related to the status of the oral cavity and is characterized by the absence of pain, discomfort, and abnormalities of the mouth and face(Locker, 2001; Glick et al, 2016). An imbalance in oral health can exerts a physical and psychological impact on functional aspects of speech, chewing, and taste as well as social aspects, such as wellbeing, subjective happiness, and self- esteem (Zucoloto et al.,2016; Blanco Aguilera et al., 2017; Bitiniene et al, 2018). The literature reports that dental caries, toothache, halitosis, dentoalveolar trauma, and malocclusion exert a negative impact on the OHRQoL of adolescents (Peres et al, 2009; Colussi et al, 2017; Keles et al, 2018; Thomson & Broder, 2018). Low frequencies of tooth brushing and visits to the dentist, which are characteristics of adolescence, can exert a negative impact on OHRQoL in this population (Keles et al, 2018)

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Conclusion