Abstract
Simple SummaryUnderstanding the effects of high temperature on pest insects is important in predicting their population dynamics. Aphis gossypii (Glover) and Acyrthosiphon gossypii (Mordviiko) are the two most destructive aphids on cotton in Xinjiang Province, China. This study examined the effect of different temperatures (29 °C, 32 °C, and 35 °C) on the adult survival rate, fecundity, and feeding behavior of Ap. gossypii and Ac. gossypii. Our results showed that the adverse effects of high temperatures (32 °C, 35 °C) on aphid adult survival and fecundity were greater for Ac. gossypii than Ap. gossypii. Feeding data showed that Ac. gossypii spent more time feeding on xylem than phloem under all temperature treatments, which contrasted with Ap. gossypii. The time of phloem ingestion by Ap. gossypii at 32 °C was significantly higher than at 29 °C, while for Ac. gossypii, this value significantly decreased when temperature increased. These feeding patterns indicate that Ac. gossypii obtains less nutrition from phloem in support of its development and fecundity. Data generated in this study will serve as the basis for predicting the effect of increased temperature on these two cotton aphids.Aphid performance is sensitive to temperature changes. Previous studies found that Acyrthosiphon gossypii (Mordviiko) was more sensitive to high temperature than Aphis gossypii (Glover). However, the effects of high temperatures on the survival, fecundity, and feeding behavior of these two aphid adults are not clear. This study examined the effect of different temperatures (29 °C, 32 °C, and 35 °C) on the adult survival rate, fecundity, and feeding behavior of these two aphid species. Our results showed that the adverse effects of high temperatures (32 °C and 35 °C) on aphid adult survival and fecundity were greater for Ac. gossypii than Ap. gossypii. The electrical penetration graph (EPG) data showed that Ac. gossypii spent more time feeding on xylem than phloem under all temperature treatments, which contrasted with Ap. gossypii. The time of phloem ingestion by Ap. gossypii at 32 °C was significantly higher than at 29 °C, while for Ac. gossypii, this value significantly decreased when temperature increased. These feeding patterns indicate that Ac. gossypii obtains less nutrition from phloem in support of its development and fecundity. Data generated in this study will serve as the basis for predicting the effects of increased temperature on these two cotton aphids.
Highlights
As one of most important current environmental issues, global warming is of wide concern
The age-specific daily fecundity values for both Ap. gossypii and Ac. gossypii at 32 ◦C and 35 ◦C decreased continuously over time after day one, which contrasts results from 29 ◦C. The fecundity of these two aphids was eventually impaired as the time under heat stress increased. These results indicated that heat stress had a greater negative effect on the survival rate and the fecundity of Ac. gossypii than it did on that of Ap. gossypii, which is consistent with previous studies [16,20]
We examined the effects of different temperatures (29, 32, and 35 ◦C) on adult survival, fecundity, and feeding behavior of two cotton-feeding aphid species
Summary
As one of most important current environmental issues, global warming is of wide concern. Some studies have demonstrated that the first instars of nymph of Ap. gossypii reared on cotton and cucumber can successfully survive to the adult stage and produce progeny at a constant 35 ◦C [20,21,22,23]. Earlier studies have tested the impact of constant temperatures on the developmental time and fecundity of Ap. gossypii and Ac. gossypii reared on cotton [16,19,20,23], most of these studies started with first instar nymphs in each temperature These studies show that temperature may affect nymphal instars differently [24], and clearly the adult stage, not considered in many of these earlier studies, plays important population roles in the areas of reproduction and dispersal.
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