Abstract
Plant virus diseases are one of the limiting factors to crop productivity by diminishing the quantity, quality and responsible for significant economic losses worldwide. The Epidemic of plant virus diseases is the result of interactions between virus, host plant, vector, and environmental factors. Changes in host plants and insect vector dynamics that result from temperature and rainfall change could have an influence on the spread of plant viruses. The rising of temperature and heat stress increase the susceptibility of host plants to virus infection and accelerates the fitness of viruses to cause disease. The increasing temperature also changes insect vector population dynamics by accelerating insect phenology, causing earlier and prolonged colonization because it makes appropriate environmental conditions for the insect vectors. Insect populations of most virus vectors build up more rapidly in areas with high temperatures and high relative humidity and decline at low temperature. In addition, the rising temperatures can increase the efficiency of virus transmission from infected to healthy plants by insect vectors. An increasing frequency of heavy rainfall events is likely to slow the virus prevalence and incidence by washing insect vectors, thus reducing vector density. Flooding within annual crop growing period enhances the subsequent growth of weed and volunteer crop plant which act as reservoirs of insect vectors and the viruses, and its occurrence outside growing seasons increases subsequent growth of such reservoirs. Keywords: Host plant; Vectors; Virus epidemics DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/12-3-05 Publication date: February 28 th 2021
Highlights
Plant virus diseases are among the major affecting agriculture productions worldwide and have estimated economic losses of greater than $30 billion per year (Sastry and Zitter, 2014)
Plant viruses are an important part of these interactions as they can have a devastating effect on food quality and yields
The study carried out in Ethiopia by Regassa et al (2020) on the epidemic of maize lethal necrosis (MLN) which is caused by co-infection of Maize chlorotic mottle virus with Sugarcane mosaic virus indicated that high prevalence and disease incidence of MLN were highest at altitudinal ranges of and 1700–2000 m.a.s.l as compared to higher altitude of >2000 m.a.s.l
Summary
Plant virus diseases are among the major affecting agriculture productions worldwide and have estimated economic losses of greater than $30 billion per year (Sastry and Zitter, 2014). Rapidly-expanding global climatic change creates favorable conditions for development and increased spread of plant virus diseases due to direct or indirect impacts on population dynamics of virus-transmitting insect vectors (Pautasso et al, 2012; Geering and Randles, 2012).
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