Abstract
As one of Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance (previously the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization), graduating countries, Indonesia is still eligible to access Gavi price for PCV13, PCV10 A and B. This study aims to estimate the economic impact of switch from the existing product/presentation of PCV (single-dose of PCV13) to the new product/presentation of PCV (multi-dose of PCV13, PCV10 A and B) since PCV is one of the most expensive vaccines in the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) schedule. Assuming that Gavi-Advance Market Commitment (AMC) price for all PCVs can be accessed in 2021, the use of multi-dose PCV13, PCV10 A and PCV10 B with Gavi-AMC price in 2021–2024 were considered as respective scenarios. The result showed that the scenario assuming the use of single-dose of PCV13 with contract price in 2019–2020 that would be switched into multi-dose of PCV10 B with Gavi-AMC price in 2021–2024 resulted in the highest potential saving, compared with other scenarios. Our analysis suggests an economic advantage to switch from single-dose into a multi-dose presentation. Vaccination coverage, vaccine price, vaccine wastage and additional Gavi-AMC vaccine costs were considered to be the most influential parameter affecting the savings in all scenarios. Applying the effectiveness of PCV13 and PCV10 A on reducing the risk for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), potential averted incidence of IPD in children under one year of age during 2019–2024 would be 246,164 and 105,587 in both scenarios. Despite the result confirmed that PCV13 may provide an additional benefit, a more comprehensive economic evaluation study is required to investigate further the comparison of cost-effectiveness values among all PCVs in Indonesia.
Highlights
IntroductionInvasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) [1]
Streptococcus pneumoniae causes a variety of diseases, such as pneumonia, acute otitis media (AOM)and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) [1]
2021–2024 resulted in the highest potential that would be switched into multi-dose PCV10 B with Gavi-Advance Market Commitment (AMC) price in 2021–2024 resultedsaving, in the compared with other scenarios
Summary
Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) [1]. 5.8 million children under five years old die every year, with 300,000 being estimated to be caused by pneumococcal infections [2]. 75% of IPD cases occur in children under two years old [3]. In Indonesia, pneumococcal disease is the major cause of infant mortality [4]. To decrease morbidity and mortality rate of pneumonia in children under five years old, the government of Indonesia has tried to intensify prevention and control strategies, such as through the case management of pneumonia in the community, health centers and hospitals, exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life, improvement of nutrition and prevention of low birth weight [6]. The number of outpatients, hospitalized and fatal cases due to pneumonia remains high
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