Abstract
The leaves of C. sanguinea Pall. have the potential to accumulate dust on the surface. As the fine dust particles contain various chemical elements (ChEs), we studied the ChE composition in the leaves with different degrees of dust contamination to assess the impact on assay results. The samples of C. sanguinea leaves collected in the Kemerovo region (Russia) were divided into two groups based on the visual condition of plant material: clean leaves and dust contaminated leaves. The total ash assay revealed higher ash content, exceeding pharmacopoeial standards in the dust contaminated group. Dust contaminated leaf samples demonstrated significantly higher concentrations of many ChE: Si, Fe, Al, Na, Ti, Ni, Zr, Cr, V, Pb, La, Ga, Y, Sc and Yb comparing to non-contaminated plant material. The values of potentially hazardous ChEs were significantly lower than the maximum levels specified for medicinal raw materials in all studied samples.
Highlights
Crataegus sanguinea Pall. is the most prevalent medicinal species of hawthorn in Russian flora
The chemical elements (ChEs) composition was studied by atomic emission spectrometry after dry ashing
The established list of chemical elements generally coincides with our data previosly obtained in the study of Leonurus quinquelobatus Gilib., Artemisia sieversiana Ehrh. ex Willd., Urtica cannabina L., Populus tremula L. [14]
Summary
Crataegus sanguinea Pall. is the most prevalent medicinal species of hawthorn in Russian flora. Hawthorn flowers and fruits (Crataegi flores, Crataegi fructus) are included in the register of medicinal raw material (MRM) in the State Pharmacopeia of the Russian Federation (SP RF) [1]. Russian researchers have initiated studies of hawthorn leaves, collected from domestic species, for potential addition to the list of MRM [5,6,7]. The studies on hawthorn leaves, especially on chemical element (ChE) composition remain limited due to the conventional use of other hawthorn MRM sources such as flowers and fruits and the. The upper limit of total ash content for hawthorn flowers is 12% according to the SP PF [1], which likewise corresponds to a similar standard for hawthorn leaves in the SP RB [4]. The study aims to compare the ChE composition of C. sanguinea leaves with different degrees of dust contamination
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