Impact of stimulus bandwidth on the estimate of the upper-frequency limit of hearing in toothed whales

Abstract

No consensus on the stimuli used in toothed whale hearing tests using evoked potential methods currently exists. However, stimulus bandwidth should directly affect determination of the upper-frequency limit (UFL) of hearing because of the steep reduction in hearing sensitivity at frequencies immediately below the UFL—the broader the stimulus bandwidth, the greater the amount of spectral “splatter” into lower frequencies where hearing is more sensitive. To test this hypothesis, variability in auditory evoked potential thresholds to tone-pips (with variable bandwidth) and amplitude-modulated tones was determined in dolphins near their UFL of hearing and ½ to 1 octave below where hearing is more sensitive. Subjects included both normal and hearing-impaired dolphins. At frequencies where hearing was sensitive and the audiogram was relatively flat, negligible changes in the hearing threshold with changing stimulus bandwidth were observed. Conversely, thresholds near the UFL of hearing declined with increasing stimulus bandwidth, regardless of whether dolphins had normal hearing or hearing impairment, and resulted in broadened hearing bandwidth estimates. Thus, it is recommended that stimulus bandwidth be reported in hearing tests where the UFL is tested since stimulus bandwidth affects thresholds through spectral splatter into lower frequency bands where hearing is more sensitive.