Abstract
This review documents the sporadic reporting of poultry Salmonella serovars in South Africa, Egypt, Indonesia, India, and Romania, five countries selected based on the importance of their distribution in different regions of the world and their cumulative significant population size of 1.6 billion. South Africa reported contamination of its poultry carcasses by S. Hadar, S. Blockley, S. Irumu, and S. Anatum. Results from Egypt showed that S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium were predominant in poultry along with other non-typhoid strains, namely S. Infantis, S. Kentucky, S. Tsevie, S. Chiredzi, and S. Heidelberg. In Indonesia, the isolation of Salmonella Typhi was the main focus, while other serovars included S. Kentucky, S. Typhimurium, and S. Paratyhi C. In India, S. Bareilly was predominant compared to S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Paratyphi B, S. Cerro, S. Mbandaka, S. Molade, S. Kottbus, and S. Gallinarum. Romania reported two Salmonella serovars in poultry that affect humans, namely S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium, and other non-typhoid strains including S. Infantis, S. Derby, S. Colindale, S. Rissen, S. Ruzizi, S. Virchow, S. Brandenburg, S. Bredeney, S. Muenchen, S. Kortrijk, and S. Calabar. The results showed the spread of different serovars of Salmonella in those five developing countries, which is alarming and emphasizes the urgent need for the World Health Organization Global Foodborne Infections Network (WHO-GFN) to expand its activities to include more strategic participation and partnership with most developing countries in order to protect poultry and humans from the serious health impact of salmonellosis.
Highlights
Salmonella are the most common causes of foodborne illness worldwide [1]
The following is the compilation of reports related to Salmonella serovars present in poultry of the five developing countries
It is worth noting that the invasive non-typhi Salmonella (NTS) results in a case fatality percentage, among hospitalized patients in Africa, equivalent to 4.4%–27.0% for children [19,20,21,22] and 22%–47% for adults [23,24,25]
Summary
Salmonella are the most common causes of foodborne illness worldwide [1]. The two foods that are most commonly associated with Salmonella food illness are eggs and poultry meat [2,3,4]. More than 2,500 serovars of Salmonella have been identified, with many commonly infecting poultry and humans. The frequency patterns of predominant serovars in each country is challenged with a shift in prevalence due to globalization, especially linked to livestock trade, international travel, and human migration [5,6,7]. Meager Salmonella control programs in most developing countries, and the presence of vigorous globalization, will challenge other countries with new serovars that could potentially be multidrug resistant [8] and could disseminate throughout the food chain [8,9]. The participation of different countries depends upon a number of factors, such as availability of financial and human resources, and willingness to participate in and support initiatives of the Global Foodborne Infections Network (GFN).
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