Abstract
Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films were synthesized on glass substrates via ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method to investigate the influence of solution flow-rate on their physical properties. Solution flow-rate was varied in the range of 10–30 ml/h to analyse its impact on the films. XRD analysis revealed a kesterite phase with a preferred orientation along the (112) plane, which intensified with higher flow-rates. Additionally, structural investigations identified secondary phases of CuxS, Sn2S3, and Cu2SnS3 in the films prepared at a solution flow-rate of 25 ml/h. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the XRD analysis. SEM micrographs indicated compact growth with a slightly rough surface. UV–Vis spectroscopy demonstrated a significant decrease in transmittance, leading to a corresponding reduction in the bandgap value from 2.17 to 0.84 eV as the flow rate increased from 10 to 30 ml/h. The electrical conductivity analysis indicated p-type conductivity, with maximum conductivity value of 2.73 (Ω cm)−1 observed at a flow-rate of 20 ml/h.
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