IMPACT OF SODIUM NITRITE AND PONСEAU 4R ON RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: THEORETICAL GROUNDING AND SIGNIFICANCE

Abstract

Nowadays, food industry is growing quite rapidly. Today food industry uses hundreds of food additives in order to obtain new products and achieve certain technological goals. In most European countries, food industry applies more than 540 known food additives; in the United States their number, including the corresponding mixtures, exceeds 1.500, in Russia – 450 positions, in Ukraine until 2019, 300 food additives were allowed to be applied. At present, a large number of complex food additives are getting more and more in use. They are the mixtures of additives for a single peculiar or different technological purpose. The main requirement for food additives is their safety, non-toxicity, non-carcinogenicity, non-mutagenicity, no teratogenic effects (on the foetus) and no allergic effects. The safety of a food supplement depends on its dose, i.e., the amount of food additive substance that enters the body per day. Dangerous dietary supplements that should be avoided include sodium nitrite, monosodium glutamate, and ponceau 4 R. These supplements are strictly prohibited in many countries because of their potential risks and fatal outcomes for the human health. In recent years, the consumption of food supplements has increased significantly, therefore the study of the effects of sodium nitrite and ponсeau 4R on the respiratory system is one of an urgent clinical and dietary problem. The aim of this study is to highlight the theoretical aspects of the effects of sodium nitrite and ponceau 4 R on the respiratory system, as well as to collect, analyse and synthesise literature data on the issue of food additives and their detrimental effect on human health. Numerous studies show that consumption of sodium nitrite and ponceau 4 R increases the potential risk of cancer, diabetes, lung disease, and Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. These supplements increase the hyperactivity of children; they can also provoke allergic reaction and cause anaphylactic shock, or trigger asthma attacks or breathing problems in people with aspirin intolerance, therefore, the study of the effects caused by food additives is appropriate, clinically and socially relevant.