Abstract
In this population-based study, we explored the relationships between immigration, socio-economic status (SES), and perinatal outcomes. We quantified the effects of SES on birthweight disparities between native and immigrant mothers in Spain. We obtained birth and SES data from the 2011 census and administrative registers for years 2011–2015. The associations between origin, statuses, and the likelihood of low birthweight were estimated using logistic regressions. Fairlie’s nonlinear extension of the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition method was applied to identify the extent to which the differences in birthweight between groups corresponded to socio-economic composition or to rates. Our results showed that African and Latin American mothers exhibited advantage in the perinatal outcomes over native mothers [odds ratio (OR) 0.75; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63–0.90 and OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.65–0.82, respectively]. Decomposition analyses revealed that such advantage was not affected by the lower positions within the socio-economic structure that African and Latin American populations occupied.
Highlights
Socio-economic status (SES) is known to strongly affect health outcomes [1, 2]
A lower positions in the socio-economic structure (low SES) is typically associated with poor economic conditions, physically demanding occupations, increased likelihood of unhealthy behaviors and exposure to chronic stressors, and decreased utilization of healthcare services [3, 4], all of which are considered as risk factors for undesirable birth outcomes
Mothers of African background had by far the lowest levels of educational attainment
Summary
Socio-economic status (SES) is known to strongly affect health outcomes [1, 2]. Mothers of immigrant background are more likely to occupy lower positions in the socio-economic structure (low SES) compared with native mothers [5, 6] and exhibit an increased. The healthy immigrant effect depends strongly on specific outcomes and the origins of the immigrants, a number of studies showed that immigrant status played a protective role in gropus which are exposed to adverse socio-economic penalties. Some immigrant groups exhibited more favorable perinatal health outcomes when compared to natives and other immigrant populations even if they are more socioeconomically vulnerable [14,15,16]. There is evidence that the protective effect of immigrant status regarding specific indicators of perinatal healts variates across SES categories within the same immigrant groups.
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