Impact of Social Support and Self-Efficacy on Activity of Daily Living among Post-Stroke Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Abstract

This study employed a cross-sectional design to explore the impact of social support and self-efficacy on activity of daily living (ADL) among post-stroke patients in Saudi Arabia and investigate the mediating role of self-efficacy. Data were collected from 158 post-stroke patients across six healthcare facilities in three regions of Saudi Arabia using convenience sampling, between February 2023 and July 2023. The analysis included descriptive statistics, variance analysis, and linear regression using bootstrap methods. PROCESS Macro was used for the mediation model. This study revealed that most participants had high ADL, social support, and self-efficacy levels. Significant negative associations were found between ADL and age (p < 0.001), time since stroke (p = 0.009), and stroke history (p < 0.001), while significant positive associations were observed with educational background (p = 0.049), employment status (p < 0.001), and self-efficacy (p < 0.001). ADL in post-stroke patients was significantly influenced negatively by age (p = 0.025), time since stroke (p = 0.027), and stroke history (p < 0.001), while self-efficacy (p < 0.001) had a positive impact and moderated the relationship between social support and ADL. This study highlights the physical and psychosocial aspects affecting post-stroke patients, identifies key areas for enhancing their experiences, and informs the development of targeted interventions to address their comprehensive needs.