Impact of Social Determinants of Health on Healthcare Disparities in Florida

Abstract

Healthcare disparities disproportionately affect underserved and marginalized communities due to social determinants of health (SDoH), contributing to significant differences in health outcomes and life expectancy within different communities in Florida. This observational study aimed to understand the impact of SDoH, such as race/ethnicity, income level, and education attainment on healthcare access in Florida. Methods Self-reported data from the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were pooled to evaluate disparities in healthcare access by race/ethnicity, income, and education level in Florida. Results Health status and healthcare access vary based on characteristics related to SDoH, including race/ethnicity, income level, and educational attainment. Health status and healthcare access increased with income and education attainment. There were no significant disparities in health status and healthcare access among racial and ethnic groups. Conclusion While race and ethnicity were not significant predictors of health status nor healthcare access, income level and education were positively correlated which may be related to policy including Florida's lack of Medicaid expansion or population characteristics such as health-seeking behaviors. Understanding the prevalence of healthcare disparities based on SDoH can inform and support the implementation of evidence-based strategies for improving the accessibility and affordability of culturally competent care for underserved populations.