Impact of SNPs in ACACA, SCD1, and DGAT1 Genes on Fatty Acid Profile in Bovine Milk with Regard to Lactation Phases.

Marzena M Kęsek-Woźniak,Edyta Wojtas,Anna E Zielak-Steciwko

doi:10.3390/ani10060997

Marzena M Kęsek-Woźniak, Edyta Wojtas + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10060997

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Abstract

Simple SummaryFatty acids are an important component of milk fat. Because of their wide spectrum of effects on human health, it is important to better understand the regulation of their profile in milk. This study aims to analyzing the relation between selected genes with milk fatty acid content. As increased concentration of unhealthy fatty acids and lower concentration of healthy ones in less frequent homozygotes and a strong influence of the genes on fatty acids with 18 carbon atoms were observed, these findings could be useful in future dairy cattle selection aiming production of more healthy milk.Milk fat is a dietary source of fatty acids (FA), which can be health promoting or can increase risks of some diseases. FA profile composition depends on many factors, among them gene polymorphism. This study analyzed the relation between polymorphism of acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA), stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) genes with FA profile in milk from Polish Holstein-Friesian cattle and determined changes of FA percentage during lactation with regard to polymorphism. Milk samples were collected twice: during the first phase of lactation (<90 Days in milk; DIM) and at the end of lactation (>210 DIM). During the first milk collection, blood samples were taken to analyze three chosen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): AJ312201.1g.1488C > G SNP in ACACA gene, A293V SNP in SCD1 gene, and K232A SNP in DGAT1 gene. Increased concentration of FA that are less beneficial for human health and have lower concentration of healthy FA in homozygotes: GG in ACACA, VV in SCD1, and KK in DGAT1 were observed, as well as a strong influence of the analyzed genes on FA with 18C atoms was also found. Moreover, it was demonstrated that lactation phase significantly affected FA percentage in milk depending on the phenotype. These results may contribute their part to knowledge toward obtaining more beneficial milk composition.

Highlights

Bovine milk is an important component of human diet
Two genes are located on chromosome 19: acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA) gene encoding acetyl-CoA carboxylase α [4] and fatty acid synthase (FASN) gene encoding fatty acid synthase [5]
A novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in this gene was detected [16], the analysis showed some interaction between the SNP and C13:0, C16:1, and CLA

Summary

Introduction

Bovine milk is an important component of human diet. Its influence on health depends on several factors, including fat composition, as some fatty acids (FA) are known to be health promoting and other increasing risk of some diseases [1]. Gómez-Cortés et al [2] suggested that milk fat consumed as whole dairy product can support human health owing to some fatty acids connected to dairy matrix. There are two sources of fatty acids in milk: de novo synthesis in milk-producing cells and transfer from blood via the milk-producing cells. Animals 2020, 10, 997 by several enzymes that are encoded by different genes [3]. On chromosome 26, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) gene is located and it encodes stearoyl-CoA desaturase [6], while on chromosome

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