Impact of smoking on multiple primary cancers survival: a retrospective analysis

A. Romaszko-Wojtowicz,A. Doboszyńska,A. Buciński

doi:10.1007/s10238-018-0498-1

Abstract

According to available literature, active tobacco smoking enhances the risks of recurrence and development of new primary malignancies. Smoking also shortens the survival period for patients with a diagnosed neoplastic disease. Medical records of 1622 patients hospitalized at the Center for Pulmonary Diseases from January 2013 till March 2017 were retrospectively analyzed, out of which 741 cases with a diagnosis of at least one primary cancer were selected, including 111 patients with multiple primary malignancies. Survival time, the impact of smoking on cancer development and the influence of smoking cessation on the prognosis of the development of new malignancies were analyzed. The incidence of multiple primary malignancies in the population of cancer patients amounted to 14.98%. In the group of smokers, those who ceased smoking developed the second primary malignancy later as compared to those who did not: the period between the first and the new cancer was 11.55 years (SD 7.24) for those who quit smoking, whereas for those who continued to smoke after their first cancer diagnosis it was 6.10 years (SD 8.62) (p = 0.005). It was revealed that patients who had never smoked lived longer than those who had continued to smoke (p = 0.004) and that those who had ceased smoking had a longer survival time than those who had not (p = 0.027). Ceasing smoking after the first cancer diagnosis prolongs the time before a new malignancy develops and is diagnosed, as well as the total survival time after the first cancer diagnosis.

Highlights

The development of medicine contributes to increased detection rates of neoplastic diseases and prolongs survival time for cancer patients
We demonstrate that the longest survival period is observed in the group of non-smokers and decreases in the group of patients who ceased smoking after the first cancer diagnosis and those who continued to smoke, respectively (Fig. 1)
The incidence of Multiple primary cancers (MPCs) in the population of cancer patients amounts to 14.98%

Summary

Introduction

The development of medicine contributes to increased detection rates of neoplastic diseases and prolongs survival time for cancer patients. It is estimated that approximately 50% of patients with a diagnosed malignant cancer will survive about 10 years following the diagnosis [1] This patient population, is at risk of developing new malignancies. Patients with a history of a neoplastic disease are at a higher risk of developing a new malignancy This risk increases by 14% [7]. It has been reported that in patients who survived more than 10 years following the diagnosis of the first cancer of the respiratory system, the risk of developing a new malignancy rises by 49% [8].

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