Impact of skeletal muscle IL-6 on subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue metabolism immediately after high- and moderate-intensity exercises.

Abstract

White adipose tissue is a major energy reserve for the body and is essential for providing fatty acids for other tissues when needed. Skeletal muscle interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been shown to be secreted from the working muscle and has been suggested to signal to adipose tissue and enhance lipolysis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of skeletal muscle IL-6 in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) lipolysis and glyceroneogenesis with prolonged moderate-intensity exercise and high-intensity exercise in mice. Female inducible muscle-specific IL-6 knockout (IL-6 iMKO) mice and littermate control (Floxed) mice performed a single exercise bout for either 120 min at 16 m/min and 10° slope (moderate intensity) or 30 min at 20 m/min and 10° slope (high intensity), or they remained rested (rest). Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues, quadriceps muscles, and blood were quickly obtained. Plasma IL-6 increased in Floxed mice but not in IL-6 iMKO mice with high-intensity exercise. VAT signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3Tyr705 phosphorylation was lower, and VAT hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL)Ser563 phosphorylation was higher in IL-6 iMKO mice than in Floxed mice at rest. Furthermore, HSLSer563 and HSLSer660 phosphorylation increased in VAT and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase protein decreased in SAT with moderate-intensity exercise in both genotypes. On the other hand, both exercise protocols increased pyruvate dehydrogenaseSer232 phosphorylation in VAT only in IL-6 iMKO mice and decreased tumor necrosis factor-α messenger RNA in SAT and VAT only in Floxed mice. In conclusion, the present findings suggest that skeletal muscle IL-6 regulates markers of lipolysis in VAT in the basal state and pyruvate availability for glyceroneogenesis in VAT with exercise. Moreover, skeletal muscle IL-6 may contribute to exercise-induced anti-inflammatory effects in SAT and VAT.