Impact of Siberian observations on the optimization of surface CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; flux

Jinwoong Kim,Nikolay Fedoseev,Andrew R Jacobson,Hyun Mee Kim,Kyung-On Boo,Toshinobu Machida,Mikhail Arshinov,Chun-Ho Cho,Motoki Sasakawa

doi:10.5194/acp-17-2881-2017

Abstract

Abstract. To investigate the effect of additional CO2 observations in the Siberia region on the Asian and global surface CO2 flux analyses, two experiments using different observation data sets were performed for 2000–2009. One experiment was conducted using a data set that includes additional observations of Siberian tower measurements (Japan-Russia Siberian Tall Tower Inland Observation Network: JR-STATION), and the other experiment was conducted using a data set without the above additional observations. The results show that the global balance of the sources and sinks of surface CO2 fluxes was maintained for both experiments with and without the additional observations. While the magnitude of the optimized surface CO2 flux uptake and flux uncertainty in Siberia decreased from −1.17 ± 0.93 to −0.77 ± 0.70 Pg C yr−1, the magnitude of the optimized surface CO2 flux uptake in the other regions (e.g., Europe) of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) land increased for the experiment with the additional observations, which affect the longitudinal distribution of the total NH sinks. This change was mostly caused by changes in the magnitudes of surface CO2 flux in June and July. The observation impact measured by uncertainty reduction and self-sensitivity tests shows that additional observations provide useful information on the estimated surface CO2 flux. The average uncertainty reduction of the conifer forest of Eurasian boreal (EB) is 29.1 % and the average self-sensitivities at the JR-STATION sites are approximately 60 % larger than those at the towers in North America. It is expected that the Siberian observations play an important role in estimating surface CO2 flux in the NH land (e.g., Siberia and Europe) in the future.

Highlights

The terrestrial ecosystem in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) plays an important role in the global carbon balance (Hayes et al, 2011; Le Quéré et al, 2015)
The results showed that the estimated surface CO2 flux uptake in the NH, where the atmospheric CO2 network is dense, is similar across the inversion systems; the established flux is noticeably different across the inversion systems for the tropics and the Southern Hemisphere (SH), where the atmospheric CO2 network is sparse
The results show that surface CO2 uptake over the Eurasian boreal (EB) region slightly increases from −0.96 to −1.02 Pg C yr−1 for the period 2006–2010 when aircraft CO2 measurements were assimilated

Summary

Introduction

The terrestrial ecosystem in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) plays an important role in the global carbon balance (Hayes et al, 2011; Le Quéré et al, 2015). It is important to accurately estimate the surface CO2 fluxes in this region. Dolman et al (2012) estimated terrestrial carbon budget of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Kazakhstan using inventorybased, eddy covariance, and inversion methods and showed that the carbon budgets produced by three methods agree within their uncertainty bounds. J. Kim et al.: Impact of Siberian observations on the optimization of surface CO2 flux

Methods

Results

Conclusion