Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are the infections that can be transmitted from one sex partner, who already has such infection, to another. The causes of STIs in human are very well elucidated and their causative agents are identified as bacteria, parasites and viruses. The worldwide epidemiology of more than 20 types of STIs has been established, which includes diseases like Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Genital herpes, HIV/ AIDS, HPV, Syphilis and Trichomoniasis. Though STIs affect both men and women indiscriminately, however, the pathophysiology of disease is more obvious among women. Other than abstinence, the most effective way to prevent the transmission or acquisition of STIs is to use a condom during sexual intercourse. Condoms are effective in decreasing the transmission of HIV. However, once contacted, STIs caused by bacteria or parasites can be treated with antibiotics. STIs caused by a virus may not virtually have any cure though the medicines may keep the disease under control. Correct usage of preventive measures greatly reduces but does not completely eliminate the risk of catching or spreading STIs.
Highlights
According to 2005 WHO estimate, annually 448 million new cases of curable STIs occur throughout the world in adults aged group which mainly includes infections caused by organisms like C. trachomatis, T. vaginalis and Neisseria gonorrhea
In a study conducted by US Armed Forces, it has been found that Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infections were most frequent, followed by infections associated with Herpes, Chlamydia, Syphilis and Gonorrhea
HSV-2 infection has an important role in the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and increased risk of transmission to new born from infected pregnant women [99]
Summary
*Conflicts of interest: The authors have no conflicting financial interests. venereal diseases are transmitted by means of human sexual relationships. According to 2005 WHO estimate, annually 448 million new cases of curable STIs occur throughout the world in adults aged group which mainly includes infections caused by organisms like C. trachomatis, T. vaginalis and Neisseria gonorrhea This evaluation does not include HIV and other STIs. The prevalence of STIs in developing countries like India is found to be 6% and out of this, approximate 40% of women have various STIs at any given point of time [1]. It is known that most of the STIs exist without symptoms (asymptomatic) since it is reported that more than half of the women and a significant proportion of men with Gonococcal, Chlamydial, Trichomonial and other infections experience no symptoms at all [6] Such symptomatic and asymptomatic infections can lead to the development of serious complications like cervical erosion, endometritis, pyosalpinx, low birth weight, preterm birth, peritonitis, ectopic pregnancy, increased risk of HIV infection in women, if left untreated. The main aim of this article is to emphasize the impact of different sexually transmitted infections on health of women and further consequences of these infections on health of new born child
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