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Abstract
Schisandrachinensisbee pollen has been used as a health food in China for centuries; however, its bioactive constituents and functions are not very clear. In this study, we investigated the phenolic compounds of Schisandrachinensisbee pollen extract (SCPE) by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS/HPLC-DAD-ECD and its prevention from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and modulation of gut microbiota in high fat diet induced obese C57BL/6 mice. The results showed that 12 phenolic compounds were identified in SCPE, and naringenin, rutin and chrysin were the main constituents. The content of naringenin reached 1.89 mg/g, and total phenolic content (TPC) of SCPE were 101.83 mg GA/g. After obese mice were administrated with SCPE at 7.86 and 15.72 g/kg BW for 8 weeks, body weight gains were reduced by 18.23% and 19.37%. SCPE could decrease fasting blood glucose, cut down the lipid accumulation in serum and liver, lessen oxidative injury and inflammation in obesity mice. Moreover, SCPE could effectively inhibit the formation of NAFLD by inhibition of LXR-α, SREBP-1c and FAS genes expression, and modulate the structural alteration of gut microbiota in obesity mice. These findings suggested that SCPE could attenuate the features of the metabolism syndrome in obesity mice, which can be used to prevent obesity and NAFLD of human beings.
Highlights
Obesity is a growing serious public health problem in China and worldwide associated with chronic metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, hypertension, hyperlipoidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and even cancers in China and all over the world [1,2,3]
Phenolic compounds are a large group of plant secondary metabolites, which possess the capabilities of antioxidant, anti-inflammation, antitumor, antihypertensive, and prevention of the diseases induced by oxidative stress [11]
The present investigation showed that high-fat diet (HFD) induced the following: an obvious gain inbody weight and liver weight, an increase of fasting blood glucose, elevations of lipid levels in serum and liver, increases of serum ALT activity and hepatic MDA content, a significant upregulation of the expression of interleukin -1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), NF-kB and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), decreases of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and GSH-Px activities, inhibition of adiponectin secretion, and upregulation of NAFLD-related gene expression, such as liver X receptors (LXR)-α, sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1c and fatty acid synthase (FAS)
Summary
Obesity is a growing serious public health problem in China and worldwide associated with chronic metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, hypertension, hyperlipoidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and even cancers in China and all over the world [1,2,3]. Phenolic compounds are a large group of plant secondary metabolites, which possess the capabilities of antioxidant, anti-inflammation, antitumor, antihypertensive, and prevention of the diseases induced by oxidative stress [11]. Tea polyphenols could modulate gut dysbiosis induced by high-fat diet and causeweight loss in mice [14,15,16]. Polyphenol-rich extract of pomegranate peel consumption regulated gut microbiota and alleviated tissue inflammation and hypercholesterolaemia in obese mice [17]. Lychee pulp polyphenols reduced the body weight and ameliorate hepatic lipid accumulation in obese mice induced by high-fat diet [19]. There has beenno research on the anti-obesity effect and prevention from NAFLD of bee pollen polyphenols conducted to date
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