Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Rollout on Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Admission and Mortality Trends: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis

Abstract

Challenges with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine prioritization, access, and hesitancy have influenced vaccination uptake. Was the impact of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine rollout on COVID-19 monthly admission and mortality trends different between Hispanic and non-Hispanic populations? We used interrupted time series analysis to conduct an ancillary study of the Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study registry supplemented by electronic health record data from five participating Mayo Clinic sites in Florida, Arizona, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. We included hospitalized patients with COVID-19 admitted between April 2020 and December 2021. Our primary outcome was the impact of vaccine rollout on admission trends. Our secondary outcome was the impact of vaccine rollout on mortality trends. This interrupted time series analysis includes 6,442 patients. Vaccine rollout was associated with improved monthly hospital admission trends among both Hispanic and non-Hispanic patients. Among Hispanic patients, pre-vaccine rollout, monthly admissions increased by 12.9%(95%CI, 8.1%-17.9%). Immediately after vaccine rollout, patient admissions declined by-66.3%(95%CI,-75.6%to-53.9%). Post-vaccine rollout, monthly admissions increased by 3.7%(95%CI, 0.2%-7.3%). Among non-Hispanic patients, pre-vaccine rollout, monthly admissions increased by 35.8%(95%CI, 33.4%-38.1%). Immediately after vaccine rollout, patient admissions declined by-75.2%(95%CI,-77.6%to-72.7%). Post-vaccine rollout, monthly admissions increased by 5.6%(95%CI, 4.5%-6.7%). These pre-vaccine rollout admission trends were significantly different (P< .001). Post-vaccine rollout, the change in admission trend was significantly different (P< .001). The associated beneficial impact from vaccine rollout on monthly hospital admission trends among Hispanic patients was significantly lower. The trend in monthly mortality rate was fourfold greater (worse) among Hispanic patients (8.3%; 95%CI, 3.6%-13.4%) vsnon-Hispanic patients (2.2%; 95%CI, 0.6%-3.8%), but this was not shown to be related to vaccine rollout. SARS-CoV-2 vaccine rollout was associated with improved COVID-19 admission trends among non-Hispanic vsHispanic patients. Vaccine rollout was not shown to influence mortality trends in either group, which were four times higher among Hispanic patients. Improved vaccine rollout may have reduced disparities in admission trends for Hispanic patients, but other factors influenced their mortality trends.